Diabetes And Physical Activity Essays - Diabetes, Insulin

Diabetes And Physical Activity Health implications of diabetes type I Physical Activity What is physical activity? Why do we need physical activity in our lives? Physical Activity and Diabetes (Epidemiology) For our seminar topic "physical activity and disease" we chose diabetes as the focus of our research. Since diabetes is such a complex disease with many different forms, we decided to focus on diabetes type I. This is known as insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM). This type of diabetes includes people who are dependant on injections of insulin on a daily basis in order to satisfy the bodies insulin needs, they cannot survive without these injections. OVERVIEW OF DIABETES TYPE I What is diabetes type I? In order to understand the disease we firstly need to know about insulin. Insulin is a hormone. The role of insulin is to convert the food we eat into various useful substances, discarding everything that is wasteful. It is the job of insulin to see that the useful substances are put to best use for our well-being. The useful substances are used for building cells, are made ready for immediate expenditure as energy and also stored for later energy expenditure. The cause of diabetes is an absolute or lack of the hormone insulin. As a result of this lack of insulin the processes that involve converting the foods we eat into various useful substances does not occur. Insulin comes from the beta cells which are located in the pancreas. In the case of diabetes type I almost all of the beta cells have been destroyed. Therefore daily injections of insulin become essential to life. Health implications of diabetes type I One of the products that is of vital importance in our bodies is glucose, a simple carbohydrate sugar which is needed by virtually every part of our body as fuel to function. Insulin controls the amount of glucose distributed to vital organs and also the muscles. In diabetics due to the lack of insulin and therefore the control of glucose given to different body parts they face death if they don't inject themselves with insulin daily. Since strict monitoring of diabetes is needed for the control of the disease, little room is left for carelessness. As a result diabetic patients are susceptible to many other diseases and serious conditions if a proper course of treatment is not followed. Other diseases a diabetic is open to: Cardiovascular disease, stroke, Peripheral artery disease, gangrene, kidney disease, blindness, hypertension, nerve damage, impotence etc. Basically there is an increased incident of infection in diabetic sufferers. Therefore special care needs to be taken to decrease the chances of getting these other serious diseases. PHYSICAL ACTIVITY What is physical activity? (Bouchard 1988) States that physical activity is any bodily movement produced by skeletal muscles resulting in energy expenditure. Therefore this includes sports and leisure activities of all forms. Why do we need physical activity in our lives? Physical activity and exercise helps tune the "human machine", our bodies. Imagine a car constantly driven only to stop for fuel. It would be a client for all sorts of damage, rusting, oil leaking, dehydration and the chances are most likely it would die in the middle of the road not long after. This is what the body would be like if we didn't exercise at all. We would be and as a result of todays lifestyle many of us are, the perfect target to all kinds of diseases and infections. For those of us who are carrier of some disease or illness we are still encouraged to exercise by our physicians if we have the strength to. This is to help make our organs, muscles, bones and arteries more efficient and better equipped to fight against the disease or illness. This is our way of counter attacking. And if we are still healthy then we reduce the chances of getting an illness or a disease. PHYSICAL ACTIVITY AND DIABETES (EPIDEMIOLOGY) Recently insulin injections have become available to dependant patients. However in the pre-insulin era physical exercise was one of the few therapies available to physicians in combating diabetes. For an IDDM carrier to benefit from exercise they need to be well aware of their body and the consequences of exercising. If an IDDM carrier has no real control over their situation and just exercise without considering their diet, time of insulin intake, type of exercise, duration of the exercise and the intensity, then the results can be very hazardous to the patient. In the first journal article that I used for this part of

good morning Vietnam essays

good morning Vietnam essays The movie Good Morning, Vietnam Directed by Barry Levinson and written by Mitch Markowitz Had a solid view, that was portrayed in many ways, on the roles of the North Vietnamese, South Vietnamese, and American Soldiers. It also depicted a clear picture of the Vietnamese Civilians and Viet Cong. The film began with a clear-cut portrayal of American Soldiers within the confounds of an office, and the discrepancies amongst the high ranking and higher ranking Officers. Robin Williams is introduced into the Movie as a humorous man meant to be a radio DJ for the American Soldiers fighting outside the Office. The high-ranking officials in charge of the News broadcastings limited Adrian Cronauer (played by Robin Williams) to broadcast the most mild of new about the war to the soldiers; the very same soldiers who were fighting the war. In this was, the film maker practically hands over to the audience the fact that high ranking officials wanted to virtually blind-sight listeners into thinking that the war is only being fought in the hills...that it is, in fact, not real to them, but very distant. By doing this he shows how, by using propaganda, the news controlled out view [American view] and the soldiers views on the war that we were fighting. Misleading the masses to believe w hat the handful of major leaders felt was necessary for the masses to believe by keeping them mal-informed and blissfully ignorant of the actual situations at hand. Along with the portrayal of misconception within the confounds of the Vietnam War, the filmmaker successfully was able to serve the audience with the sight of individuals within each army confound. He created the antithesis of the faceless mass propaganda that Dictators such as Hitler used to create a subhuman tag for their targets. Consider the fact that when a student reads about mass casualties in a war, decades before their time, they only see the numbe...

Children who are brought to the US illegally should be deported if Essay

Children who are brought to the US illegally should be deported if they are discored as adults - Essay Example However, around 12% are from Asia and 8% from South America (Colton-Sonnenberg, pp.4). Illegal immigration however is quite a difficult issue, because of differing views, misinformation, and lack of information (Haines & Rosenblum, pp.1). It is also a heated political debate, because the issue in the discussion has many dimensions, some of which include legal, economic and moral (Chapman, pp.272). According to some people, however it is victimless crime. This is because the immigrants provide a cheap form of labor. However, illegal immigration causes a large amount of hardships for Americans, especially those belonging to the lower strata of the population. This is mainly because of the fiscal drain that illegal immigrants may cause (APRA, 2006). The issue whether children who had previously crossed borders illegally but have in effect, lived their whole life as US citizens, should be deported if discovered is a very pertinent one. One very important criticism includes the fact that children born in the United States to illegal immigrants serve as ‘anchor’ to their families. ... 77). Deportation has received quite a lot of criticism. Mass deportation of illegal immigrants might have disastrous effects on families. Sometimes immigrants’ families may consist of one legal parent, one illegal parent or a legal, or an illegal or also citizens of the US if born there. Estimates of Urban Institute state that two-thirds of all children of illegal parents are actually US born citizens. Mostly, if the illegal parent is the breadwinner of the family, and if deported, the children are most likely to be leaving as well, the children being U.S citizens. However, only deporting the parents is not even morally correct or economically feasible. Therefore, the debate of deportation of children remains a particularly raging one (Steinger, pp.34). In addition, some people are of the view that having citizen children is no legal defense to the deportation. Therefore, the government often accepts the de facto deportation of children as a necessary step to enforce immigrati on laws against their parents. In addition, the chance that illegal immigration may continue to occur is because of this incentive of having citizenship by giving birth to a child. Not only do this but also the immigrants do not pay taxes; however, the children receive all the benefits of a good education and a health system. In this way, there is a fiscal drain in the U.S, having a negative impact on the budget (Neuman, pp.182). Many people are also of the view that there has been a misinterpretation of the 14th Amendment, done to grant rights of citizenship to the slaves after the Civil war. However, at that time, no illegal immigration occurred and there were no immigration laws until 1875. Therefore, many people assert that the

Business Management - Work and Private life relating to Motivation and Essay

Business Management - Work and Private life relating to Motivation and Stress in Organization - Essay Example These needs are divided into higher order and lower order needs. Self-actualization and esteem are the higher order needs, while social, safety, and psychological are the lower level needs (Cherry). Higher order needs tend to be more important as workers move up the corporate ladder. Imagine a new worker starting out at corporation. This person does not have any friends among his colleagues. The individual will be motivated to accomplish social bonds with his fellow workers. Another theory that explains motivation in the workplace is Adam’s equity theory. The equity theory states that people will act to eliminate any felt inequity in the rewards received from their work in comparison with others. An example of equity theory in action would be the case of one worker receiving preferential treatment from the boss. The rest of the staff will feel that the actions of the managers are unfair. A third theory of motivation is Vroom’s expectancy theory. Expectancy theory states that motivation is determined by individual beliefs regarding effort/performance relationships and work outcomes (Valuebasedmanagement). Companies that reward their employees for achieving higher levels of performance are aligned with expectancy theory. Due to the pressures of the workplace many employees suffer from stress. Stress can be defined as tension from extraordinary demands, constraints, or opportunities (Schermerhorn, et al., p.409). Stress is an unwanted occurrence because it reduces the work performance of the workers and it negatively impacts the health of a person. Workers can feel either constructive or destructive stress. An example of constructive stress occurs when a person gets a promotion and is starting out his/ her new duties. The person will feel stress because the individual is not accustomed to the new job and the person is overly excited about the opportunity. Destructive stress has a negative impact on the performance and attitude of the

Event Organiser Essay Example for Free

Event Organiser Essay His duties as a project planning and operations manager include development, implementation and maintenance of a detailed plan and posting schedules based on input from team members. He is also responsible for ensuring that assigned projects reach the market on time and driving the completion of project related assignments in accordance with a detailed implementation plan. Event Organiser(Team Leader)  Event organisers are involved in the organisation of events. Event organisers must be able to complete a wide range of activities requiring clear communication and excellent organisational skills and must respond quickly to change, ensuring the smooth and efficient running of an event. Assistant Event Organiser An assistant event organiser does almost everything an event organisers team leader does but he is only there to help him with all the heavy tasks that have been given to him. He supports the Manager and team leader when organising all of the events held at the venue. This role includes reception duties, event organising, research and assisting customers on a daily basis.  Promotions Team Leader  His job is to lead a face to face sales team that generates financial support. He plays a direct role with the event organiser. His main job is to make people aware of the events that are to take place and get them interested to take part in it. He forms teams that will go on the street and send out flyers, pamphlets etc. Makes the media aware of the events. Promotions Helper  He does the job that involves meeting the people face to face and handing them out information such as surveys, events which are to come, asking for donations and charity funds to help their organisation which is made for the people itself. He follows the team leader and reaches his goal.  Clerical Helper(for Project Planning Operations)  This individual will provide administrative support to the manager and the promotions team leader. He does this by creating collateral materials for advertising, sales, press releases, and promotions, managing the purchasing and distribution of office supplies, apparel, and other products, providing general clerical and administrative support and performing other duties as assigned. Organisational chart for the Green team that incorporates the various roles that have been specified in the previous task.  Job Advertisement for an EVENT ORGANISER in a Green Team.  Job Title: Position for an Event Organiser/Planner  Location: Oxford House College Oxford Street  Job Type: Full Time/Part Time/Voluntary  Salary Range: 25000 30000 plus Bonus Incentives  Organization Description  Oxford House College is a Green team that specialises in helping spread awareness about the depletion of our natural resources and help people reduce their carbon emissions, helping people to reduce their wastage and show them different methods where they can be more environmentally friendly. To reach our goals we need exceptional people who are ready to help us and will be rewarded for their efforts while having fun at the same time.Selling sponsorship, stand, exhibition space to potential exhibitors/partners Arranging accommodation for exhibitors and/or delegates  Preparing delegate packs and papers  Creating, implementing and monitoring marketing and PR plans  Liaising with clients and designers to create a brand/look for the event  Co-ordinating with newspapers, tv, radio and other media  Writing press releases or briefs in order to gain maximum exposure for the event  Organising the design and production of tickets, posters, catalogues and sales brochures  Co-ordinating everything on the day of the event to ensure that all runs smoothly  Handling client queries on the day and troubleshooting exhibitor and visitor problems on the day  Overseeing the dismantling and removal of the event, and clearing the venue efficiently.

The Treatment Of Youth Gang Members Criminology Essay

The Treatment Of Youth Gang Members Criminology Essay Should Convicted Youth Gang Members Be Treated Like Other Juvenile Delinquents, Including Status Offenders? According to the National Gang Center, there is no single, generally accepted definition of a gang. State and local jurisdictions tend to develop their own definitions. The term street gang is often used interchangeably with youth gang as well as criminal street gang, with the latter explicitly denoting the element of criminal activity found almost universally in gang-related legislation (National Gang Center, 2011). There are different types of gangs, for example: There are Delinquent Youth Gangs which are considered as groups of young individuals, juveniles, who hang out and do everything together. The group will identify themselves with similar clothing, hand signals, or colors. They have engaged in delinquent acts or undesirable behavior such as truancy, status offenses or minor vandalism. Their behavior often warrants the attention of the local law enforcement, residents a nd the school system; but they have not reached the level of committing serious crimes. Traditional Turf Based Gangs are when groups of young people, juveniles and or adults, who have a known name and leader or leaders who identify themselves through clothing, hand signals, and colors. Turf Based Gangs usually associate themselves with a territory, which they defend against rival gang members. These gang members have engaged in such acts as vandalism (graffiti), assault, and in some cases homicide. Then there are the Gain Oriented Gangs which are groups of young people, juveniles and adults. They are similar to the Turf Based Gangs because they also have a known name and a leader or leaders. The individuals within this type of gang repeatedly engage in criminal activities as a group or individually for the sole purpose of economic gain. Gain oriented gang members will engage in offenses such as robbery, theft and the distribution and sale of a controlled substance. Lastly, is the Vi olent/Hate Gangs which are groups of young people, juveniles and adults with a known name and a leader or leaders. The Violent/Hate gang members collectively engage in criminal acts of violence towards groups or individuals, which is considered to be their primary motivation. Geographical turf, material and economical gain is secondary. The offenses that The Violent/Hate gangs commit are serious assaults and homicide. Youth Involvement in Gangs The 2004 National Youth Gang Survey issued data estimating that 41 percent of youth gang members were juveniles and 59 percent were young adults age 18 or older (Snyder and Sickmund, 2006, p.83). The age of membership for Youth Gang members is generally between the ages of 12 and 24 (Hess, 2010, p.200). There are many reasons why youth join gangs. One reason is the socio-economic background of the individual. Other reasons could be for attention, wanting to feel a part of something, peer pressure, financial gain, the feeling of being loved and accepted (something that they may not feel at home), and for protection. Children search for acceptance and attention from gangs who show a false sense of love by giving the child street status and an identity of their own. In return the child shows complete loyalty to the gang to the extent of disowning biological family members. Many parents have no clue that their child is affiliated with a gang. To combat the growing problem of youth gangs parents must become more involved with their childs day to day activities. Parents must educate themselves on the warning signs of gang activity. Parents should have an in-depth discussion of gangs and the harsh realities of living a life as a gang member, for example an extensive criminal record, prison, and death of friends and family. Juvenile Delinquents and Status Offenses A juvenile delinquent is a person who is under age, which is usually below the age of 18, who is found to have committed a crime in states which have declared by law that a minor lacks responsibility and thus may not be sentenced as an adult (Farlex, 2011) . However, the legislatures of several states have reduced the age of a criminal responsibility for serious crimes or for repeat offenders to as low as 14. Status offense is an offense committed by a juvenile that would not be a crime if committed by an adult. Some examples of status offenses are, truancy, running away, curfew violation, incorrigibility or endangering health and morals. Conclusion A convicted youth gang member should not be treated like a status offender or juvenile delinquent. (Hess, 2010, p.200) states belonging to a gang is not illegal in this country; however, many of the activities that gangs participate in are illegal. Gangs commit shootings, assaults, robberies and other violent crimes; engage in extortion and other felonies; traffic in drugs; and generally terrorize neighborhoods. Convicted youth gang members are aware of the crimes they commit and some consider it as a way of life. These crimes are substantially more serious than status offenses or delinquent behavior. I feel that offender based criteria should be the factor which control the decision-making process, be it the decision to directly file or transfer a juvenile offender to adult court for prosecution or the decision as to what sanction should ultimately be imposed if a juvenile offender is convicted. Gangs actively recruit membership in their early-to-mid teens to carry out violent and h einous crimes as a way to prove themselves to gang leaders and to increase their individual standing within the gangs hierarchy. Because many states mandate lesser penalties for violent juvenile offenders than adults, gang leadership often have juvenile gang members perform violent crimes towards others because there is less of an ability to prosecute them. While I strongly believe treatment, rehabilitation, youth gang prevention initiatives and after-school programs are important tools in addressing Americas gang problem, the ability to provide swift enforcement of violent juvenile offenders is necessary to keep our nations communities safe.

“Goodbye to all that” By Robert Graves Essay

In 1929, Robert Graves published his war novel â€Å"Goodbye to all that.† It is based on his own life experiences of the Great War. This autobiography has been involved in â€Å"The great books controversy and changing attitudes towards the war.† But in 1931, two years after this Great War book was published, Robert Graves wrote â€Å"P. S. Goodbye to all that.† In this he justifies some of his actions and why he wrote parts of the novel the way he did. He confesses that he wrote the novel to make â€Å"a lump of money† he also included the â€Å"ingredients† of a popular memoir, some of them including † people like reading about food and drink.murders.ghosts.kings and other peoples mothers.† These ingredients make a good read in a novel and it’s the type of things that people enjoy reading about. It also breaks up the novel and it doesn’t concentrate on war so much. He also apologises to the people he offended in the nove l. Autobiographies were a chronicle of someone’s life laid down for posterity usually at the request of family members. â€Å"Goodbye to all that† differs by virtue of his stated purpose in writing it. But throughout the novel there are passages that defy a lot of what he said. An example of this great writing is in chapter 15, which shows the very â€Å"matter of fact† attitudes. â€Å"The other day.a bomb dropped next door and killed 3 soldiers who were billeted there, a woman and a child.† This probably did happen but it was one of the many horrors of war which soldiers experienced day in and day out. It became part of their lives; many lost hope and resorted to committing suicide. Robert Graves clearly states that the first person he saw dead and the last person he saw dead before he left the war were both suicide victims. This just goes to show the kind of impact that the war had on people’s lives. Graves talks about it as an everyday occurrence, which to the soldiers at the front line it was. We know for a fact that the fatalities and injuries were for real and were not inaccurate. But there are inaccuracies that can be misleading. For example the murder of the company’s sergeant major. † Did you mistake him for a spy?† The young miner replied, â€Å"No sir, we mistook him for our platoon sergeant† This is quite hu morous but the date of the murder was wrong. A number of things are wrong in the book but they have all been changed to make a good story. It makes it more interesting, and then more people want to read it. The horror of war is made very clear in â€Å"Goodbye to all that.† One section of the novel, Graves tells us about one of their platoon members that has been killed and is laying rigid in the trench and is blocking the pathway. Instead of one of the men moving him, they leave him there and make fun of him every time one of them wanted to pass; they just pushed him out of the way and made some sort of humorous comment. This was just one of the many black humour passages in the book and as readers it makes us laugh. It shows detachment from the war, which makes the story a little more light hearted and more readable and interesting to an outsider. It gives structure to the book. There is another passage in the novel that is humorous but it couldn’t possibly be true. This passage is known as the singing guns. This was when the Germans and the British would communicate through rifle fire and guns. They would sing songs back and fore to each other and have conversations. The soldiers would do this by taking out a few of the bullets, so when the gu n was fired, the blanks would go through and not make a noise. The soldiers would figure out a pattern or tune and continuing to take out blanks, would eventually make a song. On one occasion the message was â€Å"we all German korporals wish you English korporals a good day and invite you to dinner tonight with beer and cakes† This was impossible to do and this was one of the inaccuracies that Sassoon and Blunden didn’t like. Fussell and Sassoon frowned upon these inaccuracies, but they can also be looked upon in a very different way. As Richard Graves points out, â€Å"the fact that Goodbye to all that is full of inaccuracies does not detract from its importance both as a searingly honest autobiography, which tells the truth about how Robert felt about his past in 1929, and as a record of what it was like to be a British soldier during the First World War.† The title of the novel reflects the content Robert Graves is trying to say goodbye to everything to do with the War and Britain. He wrote the novel to unburden himself of the memories of the war as described by his nephew, Richard Graves, â€Å"for the process of healing to re-integration to be complete, only one more thing was necessary: following Riding’s example, he must cast off the whole of his â€Å"historical† existence, and what better way to do that, for an author then to write about it?† He’s also saying goodbye to his school life. Graves behaved like a â€Å"disaffected adolescent† all his life and the tone of â€Å"Goodbye to all that† is reflected in his style of approach in this novel. He was criticised for talking about school by the public school system and old boys. But by writing, he is distancing himself from his past and he wants a new start. But Graves found this detachment very useful in later life especially when he was at war as we see in a letter he wrote to his auntie, â€Å"Dear auntie, this leaves me in the pink. We are at present wading in blood up to our necks. Send me fags and a life belt. This war is a booger.† Thus because of this detachment, he was quite happy to speak openly and discuss all the points in his life that have brought him to today. It is the establishment in general, manifesting itself as the war, public school system and morally righteous parents, not just the war. After Graves wrote â€Å"Goodbye to all that† he left the country for good to live in Majorca. He left the past behind him to start a new life. The memories of war differ from bitterness to happiness when he met his first wife, a nurse in the hospital. This is the first time that he finds himself attracted to a women. He realises that he is heterosexual. While he was at school in Charterhouse he was very unhappy and he turned to another boy for love but this was only because of the false surroundings of the public school. This war had come as a solution to a moment of unease for Graves. He was offered a place at Oxford University but he didn’t go. He had a good education and he was a good sportsman also. His religious beliefs went into doubt, although religion was very important to the rest of his family. Religion only became a problem for Graves after the war was over. He realised that he had no faith anymore and didn’t understand the reason for war. Opinions of certain regiments also played a part in Graves’ novel. Other soldiers criticised it as not being as noble or as war like as others. It was also described as â€Å"froth† when placed against a serious nature of the book as it discusses war in its horror. In the 1929 version of the novel, Graves made the mistake of writing about someone else’ s mother, Sassoon’s mother. He wrote in detail about how one night he stayed there and Sassoon’s mother was trying to contact her dead son. Sassoon took great offence to this, as Graves had not asked his permission to put it in his novel. Also Graves published some of Sassoon’s poetry without permission. Just six days before the book was being published, Sassoon decides that the information published about his mother is too personal and demands that it is taken out. These were more of personal criticisms rather then objective ones. Therefore they should not be used as legitimate criticisms of the autobiography. The reality of war is brought home to us in chapters fifteen and twenty. Chapter 15 is based on the battle of Loos and chapter 20 is based on the battle of the Somme. Both these battles are famous and many lives were lost through both. Graves goes into great detail on both but chapter 15 had an incredible impact on me as a reader. At the beginning of the chapter we see the plan for the attack, but both the soldiers and us know that the plan won’t work. Many men realised that they wouldn’t surv ive the battle but they had to fight. If they didn’t, then their own men would shoot them. They couldn’t go against the orders of the generals, as they were always right. As Thomas says on page 150, † we’ve just got to go over and keep the enemy busy while the folk on our right do the real work.personally, I don’t give a damn either way. We’ll get killed whatever happens.† It is sad that soldiers thought like this. Many men out have rather died then go home to their families because they knew that they couldn’t understand what they had been through. This wasn’t an inaccuracy; this was real life and happened in every platoon. Men had to go over the top knowing they wouldn’t all come back. The soldiers knew themselves that they had little chance of surviving. Many men lost their faith, because they knew there was little logic in what they were going to do, but however, they couldn’t do anything about it. The Germans were also more advanced then the British and French. They had better plans, modern tactics and advanced artillery. In the Battle of Loos the Germans were using, â€Å"five-point-nines† another example of things going wrong was in the same battle. The men were ordered to â€Å"discharge accessories at all costs† but this proved a big mistake, as the wind had changed direction and instead of the gas going across no mans land and into the German trench, it went into no means land and then floated back into the British trench, gassing their own men. The Germans knew of the attack and â€Å"immediately put on their gas-helmets: semi rigid ones, better then ours† It wasn’t only battles that added realism to the novel: the stories that Graves tells about people in his novel, the black humour, the depersonalisation and the detachment all added to this great war book. One example of black humour was when they were advancing on no mans land. The platoon had all gone â€Å"over the top.† He saw the platoon on his left flopping down so he whistled the advance again, but nobody seemed to hear. He jumped up from his shell-hole, waved and signalled â€Å"forward†. Nobody stirred, he shouted, â€Å"you bloody cowards, are you leaving me to go on alone?† His platoon sergeant, groaning with a broken shoulder gasped, â€Å"Not cowards, sir. Willing enough. But they’re all f- dead† The black humour in actual fact covers up the reality of war. Many men went to war to show patriotism, many didn’t realise what they were letting themselves in for. Bravery became another main theme in the novel. The description of Samson is also hard hitting to readers. We feel sympathy and pity towards him. Samson, after going over the top, got hit badly and was laying, groaning about 20 yards beyond the front trenches. He was unable to move. As he was hit, he screamed uncontrollably, but to stop himself, he thrust his own fist into his mouth to stop the screams. While he was stranded, many attempts were made to rescue him, but three men were killed, tow officers and two men injured also. In the end, someone did manage to get out to him, but he waved him back because he said, â€Å"he was riddled through and not worth rescuing.† This was sad, not only for the readers, but it would have been unimaginable to be there and to know that one of your men is out there, alive but dying on no mans land, and there is nothing that u can do. Many men forgot about the dead, simply because it was easier for them to carry on fighting and to forget, otherwise it would have drove them mad, just like it did Sassoon in â€Å"Regeneration† Detachment played a huge part in their lives. They had to forget that they were in the situation and carry on with their duties, â€Å"Every night, we went out to fetch in the dead of the other battalions† The language that Graves uses shows that the men treated death in a very matter of fact way. It was the only way for them to deal with it. I would imagine that many people after reading the book found some understanding of how peo ple typically thought about these events, humorous or not, at the time and afterwards. Propaganda played a huge part in the war, mainly for the people back home, which didn’t really understand what the soldiers were going through at the front line. They didn’t want to know most of the time; they turned a blind eye and carried on with their own lives. They thought that just because the war hadn’t hit Britain just yet, they thought that it had nothing to do with them. Many men, who fought in the war, came home to find that they had changed beyond recognition and couldn’t go back to the lives they led before going to war. Graves also went through this after fighting in the Great War. This is why he left the country after writing the novel. He went to live in Majorca. Graves confesses himself that he wrote the book to make â€Å"a lump of money.† Also as Richard Percival Graves reminds us, it was â€Å"an opportunity for a formal goodbye to you and to you and to you and to me and all that forgetfulness because once all has been settled in my mind and written down it need never be thought about again.† The 1957 prologue had huge success in selling around twenty thousand copies in just five days. Pe ople wanted to know what war was like from someone who had first hand experiences of war. The continuing popularity cannot be because of the errors or falsities as suggested by Sassoon and Blunden but the quality of writing by Graves. The Daily Herald put â€Å"Goodbye to all that† on the front page of the news. It has been praised as â€Å"the most startling war book written yet.† But on the other hand there are many critics who were deeply offended by Graves’ frankness and honesty when describing his experiences. One critic called it â€Å"ungentlemanly and a whole collection of unmitigated tripe† The black humour and humour also make the experiences realistic. â€Å"It began with confirmation.I was looking forward to the ceremony as a spiritual climax. When it came and the Holy Ghost didn’t decend in the form of a dove and I did not find myself gifted with tongues and nothing spectacular happened, except that the boy whom the bishop of Zululand was blessing at the same time as me slipped off the narrow foot stool on which we were both kneeling on.† This is humorous and you could imagine this happening. After reading this great novel, I disagree with Sassoon, Blunden and Fussell. I don’t believe it is a book, â€Å"full of inaccuracies and caricature scenes† I think the book is coherent and an excellent read. People wanted to read about the war and â€Å"the ingredients† also helped to sell the book. This is why the book was and still is so popular to today. I agree with J.M. Cohen when speaking about the novel as â€Å"harshly accurate, it is a direct and factual autobiography.† â€Å"Goodbye to all that† is a personal account of Robert Graves’ experiences of World War 1. It gives us a great insight into the war and I believe â€Å"it is a serious and important war memoir† as described by Richard Graves. Bibliography 1. â€Å"Goodbye to all that† Robert Graves 2. â€Å"The Great War in modern memory† Fussell 3. â€Å"Essay on Robert Graves novel† R.P Graves Total word count 2848

Decisions about turns Essay

Overlapping talk is Ð ° difficult dilemma for interpreters. Whether the talk is simply of Ð ° back-channel nature or will become an attempt to take Ð ° turn does not deny its potential meaningfulness in conversational activity. As overlapping talk begins, any prediction as to its eventual length is Ð ° fifty-fifty probability. In interpreted conversation, the only participant who can begin to comprehend the import of overlapping talk is the interpreter (who may also be the first to realize that overlapping talk is occurring). Acting on these communicative â€Å"problems,† and acting on them quickly, is what interpreter’s do. On what basis do interpreters make decisions about strategies such as stopping speakers, ignoring talk, and offering turns? Predicting how conversational activity will proceed is difficult, particularly when the participants are relatively unknown to the interpreter. The Interpreter in this study explained that most of the time he judges the purpose of Ð ° new utterance by simultaneously considering what has been said, who has said it, and what the topic is or by waiting until the first parts of an utterance are produced to see if he can predict its import or direction. During this meeting the Interpreter consistently stopped the Student and never stopped the Professor, the Interpreter did not interpret the Student’s contributions to the conversation four times. Many interpreters who are concerned, and rightly so, about the rights and equal treatment of minority speakers, might argue that the Interpreter did not act appropriately or was acting in Ð ° way that oppressed the Student. However, conversations with the Professor and Student suggest that issues of equality and rights were not among their priorities. The Student chose this Interpreter because of his fluency in ASL and his attitude. As І discussed previously, the Student had come to the Professor for advice and assistance and was glad that the Interpreter had stopped him. He wanted to hear (see) what the Professor had to say. The Professor was concerned about evaluating the narrative, discussing the idea from class, and getting copies of the narrative to other students. Under the constraint of time and the knowledge that other students were waiting to see her, she did not want Ð ° prolonged meeting. During the playback interview, І asked the Interpreter about his decisions when overlapping talk occurs. First, he mentioned that if the two primary speakers begin at the same time, he interprets what he hears, literally He said, â€Å"І think І am more inclined to go with the voice than І am with signs, І have to be honest. So if they both start at once, І will start signing [interpret what І hear in English] The Deaf person stops and І continue. † When asked if there could be any other reason other than hearing English, he replied, â€Å"Is it Ð ° matter of equality? This is her office, her territory. So he [the Student] is the outsider coming in so І think that takes Ð ° lot of rein, too† The Interpreter â€Å"knows† many things. He knows that this is the Professor’s territory; he knows that her conversational style includes persistence on topics; he knows that teachers have more status, if not authority, than students; and he knows that the Student has come to get information from the Professor. As the Interpreter assimilates and acts on these different bits of knowledge, it appears that many of the Interpreter’s decisions were acceptable and also appropriate and successful. Decisions that allow the Professor to talk actually favor the Student; it benefits him for the Interpreter to stop him so that the Professor can say what she wants. Undoubtedly, all these factors and more play Ð ° role in interpreter decisions about turns with overlapping talk. To what degree roles, prestige, status, authority, language prestige, culture, and other factors contribute to an interpreter’s decisions remains Ð ° subject for future study.

A Biography of American Spy Hercules Mulligan

A Biography of American Spy Hercules Mulligan Born in Ireland’s County Londonderry on September 25, 1740, Hercules Mulligan immigrated to the American colonies when he was just six years old. His parents, Hugh and Sarah, left their homeland in hopes of improving life for their family in the colonies; they settled in New York City and Hugh became the eventual owner of a successful accounting firm. Fast Facts: Hercules Mulligan Born:  September 25, 1740Died: March 4, 1825Lived in: Ireland, New YorkParents: Hugh Mulligan and Sarah MulliganEducation:  King’s College (Columbia University)Spouse:  Elizabeth SandersKnown for: Member of Sons of Liberty, associate of Alexander Hamilton, secret agent  who worked with the Culper Ring and twice saved General George Washingtons life. Hercules was a student at King’s College, now Columbia University, when another young man–one Alexander Hamilton, late of the Caribbean–came knocking on his door, and the two of them formed a friendship. This friendship would turn into political activity in just a few short years. Thinker, Tailor, Soldier,  Spy Hamilton lived with Mulligan for a period during his tenure as a student, and the two of them had many late-night political discussions. One of the earliest members of the Sons of Liberty, Mulligan is credited from swaying Hamilton away from his stance as a Tory and into a role as a patriot and one of America’s founding fathers. Hamilton, originally a supporter of British dominion over the thirteen colonies, soon came to the conclusion that the colonists should be able to rule themselves. Together, Hamilton and Mulligan joined the Sons of Liberty, a secret society of patriots that was formed to protect colonists’ rights. Following his graduation, Mulligan worked briefly as a clerk in Hugh’s accounting business, but soon branched out on his own as a tailor. According to a 2016 article on the CIA website, Mulligan: â€Å"†¦cater[ed] to the crà ¨me de la crà ¨me of New York society. He also catered to wealthy British businessmen and high-ranking British military officers. He employed several tailors but preferred to greet his customers himself, taking the customary measurements and building rapport among his clientele. His business thrived, and he established a solid reputation with the gentleman of the upper class and with the British officers.† Thanks to his close access to British officers,  Mulligan was able to accomplish two very important things in a very short time. First, in 1773, he married Miss Elizabeth Sanders at Trinity Church in New York. This should be unremarkable, but Mulligan’s bride was the niece of Admiral Charles Saunders, who had been a commander in the Royal Navy prior to his death; this  gave Mulligan access to some high-ranking individuals. In addition to his marriage, Mulligan’s role as a tailor allowed him to be present during numerous conversations between British officers; in general, a tailor was much like a servant, and considered invisible, so his clients had no qualms about speaking freely in front of him. Mulligan was also a smooth talker. When British officers and businessmen came to his shop, he flattered them regularly with words of admiration. He soon figured out how to gauge troop movements based upon pickup times; if multiple officers said they’d be back for a repaired uniform on the same day, Mulligan could figure out the dates of upcoming activities. Often, he sent his slave, Cato, to General George Washington’s camp in New Jersey with the information. In 1777, Mulligan’s friend Hamilton was working as aide-de-camp to Washington, and was intimately involved in intelligence operations. Hamilton realized that Mulligan was ideally placed to gather information; Mulligan agreed almost immediately to help the patriotic cause.   Saving General Washington   Mulligan is credited with saving George Washingtons life not once, but on two separate occasions.  The first time was in 1779, when he uncovered a plot to capture the general. Paul Martin of Fox News says, â€Å"Late one evening, a British officer called at Mulligans shop to purchase a watch coat. Curious about the late hour, Mulligan asked why the officer needed the coat so quickly. The man explained that he was leaving immediately on a mission, boasting that before another day, well have the rebel general in our hands.  As soon as the officer left, Mulligan dispatched his servant to advise General Washington. Washington had been planning to rendezvous with some of his officers, and apparently the British had learned the location of the meeting and intended to set a trap. Thanks to Mulligans alert, Washington changed his plans and avoided capture.† Two years later, in 1781, another plan was foiled with the help of Mulligan’s brother Hugh Jr., who ran a successful import-export company that did a significant amount of trade with the British army. When a large amount of provisions were ordered, Hugh asked a commissary officer why they were needed; the man revealed that several hundred troops were being sent to Connecticut to intercept and seize Washington. Hugh passed the information along to his brother, who then relayed it to the Continental Army, allowing Washington to change his plans and set his own trap for British forces.   In addition to these crucial bits of information, Mulligan spent the years of the American Revolution gathering details about troop movement, supply chains, and more; all of which he passed along to Washington’s intelligence staff. He worked in tandem with the Culper Ring, a network of six spies engaged directly by Washington’s spymaster, Benjamin Tallmadge. Effectively working as a subagent of the Culper Ring, Mulligan was one of several people who passed intelligence along to Tallmadge, and thus, directly into Washington’s hands. Mulligan and his slave, Cato, were not above suspicion. At one point, Cato was captured and beaten on his way back from Washington’s camp, and Mulligan himself was arrested several times. In particular, following the defection of Benedict Arnold to the British army, Mulligan and other members of the Culper ring had to put their covert activities on hold for a while. However, the British were never able to find hard evidence that any of the men were involved in espionage. After the Revolution Following the end of the war, Mulligan occasionally found himself in trouble with his neighbors; his role of cozying up to British officers had been incredibly convincing, and many people suspected he was in fact a Tory sympathizer. To reduce the risk of his being tarred and feathered, Washington himself came to Mulligan’s shop as a customer following an Evacuation Day parade, and ordered a complete civilian wardrobe to commemorate the end of his military service. Once Mulligan was able to hang up a sign reading â€Å"Clothier to General Washington,† the danger passed, and he prospered as one of New York’s most successful tailors. He and his wife had eight children together, and Mulligan worked until the age of 80. He died five years later, in 1825. Nothing is known of what became of Cato after the American Revolution. However, in 1785, Mulligan became one of the founding members of the New York Manumission Society. Along with Hamilton, John Jay, and several others, Mulligan worked to promote the manumission of slaves and abolition of the institution of slavery. Thanks to the popularity of the Broadway hit  Hamilton, Hercules Mulligans name has become far more recognizable than it was in the past. In the play, he was originally played by  Okieriete Onaodowan, an American actor born to Nigerian parents. Hercules Mulligan is buried in New Yorks Trinity Church cemetery, in the Sanders family tomb, not far from the graves of Alexander Hamilton, his wife Eliza Schuyler Hamilton, and many other notable names from the American Revolution. Sources â€Å"The Legend of Hercules Mulligan.†Ã‚  Central Intelligence Agency, Central Intelligence Agency, 7 July 2016, www.cia.gov/news-information/featured-story-archive/2016-featured-story-archive/the-legend-of-hercules-mulligan.html.Fox News, FOX News Network, www.foxnews.com/opinion/2012/07/04/this-july-4-let-thank-forgotten-revolutionary-war-hero.html.

An Analysis of Gulivers Travels;Voyage to Liliput essays

An Analysis of Guliver's Travels;Voyage to Liliput essays Generations of schoolchildren raised on the first Book of "Gulliver's Travels" have loved it as a delightful visit to a fantasy kingdom full of creatures they can relate to_little creatures, like themselves. Few casual readers look deeply enough to recognize the satire just below the surface. But Jonathan Swift was one of the great satirists of his or any other age, and "Gulliver's Travels" is surely the apex of his art. "Gulliver's Travels" tells the story of Lemuel Gulliver, a ship's surgeon who has a number of rather extraordinary adventures, comprising four sections or "Books." In Book I, his ship is blown off course and Gulliver is shipwrecked. He wakes up flat on his back on the shore, and discovers that he cannot move; he has been bound to the earth by thousands of tiny crisscrossing threads. He soon discovers that his captors are tiny men about six inches high, natives of the land of Lilliput. He is released from his prone position only to be confined in a ruined temple by ninety- one tiny but unbreakable chains. In spite of his predicament, Gulliver is at first impressed by the intelligence and organizational abilities of the Lilliputians. In this section, Swift introduces us to the essential conflict of Book I: the naive, ordinary, but compassionate "Everyman" at the mercy of an army of people with "small minds". Because they are technologically adept, Gulliver does not yet see how small-minded In Chapter II, the Emperor of Lilliput arrives to take a look at the "giant", and Gulliver is equally impressed by the Emperor and his courtiers. They are handsome and richly dressed, and the Emperor attempts to speak to Gulliver civilly (although they are unable to understand one another). The Emperor decrees that every morning Gulliver is to be delivered "six beeves, forty sheep, and other victuals," along with as much bread and wine as he needs, his basic needs are to be ...

Information System Risk Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Information System Risk Management - Essay Example This is because success of the ERPs depends on many factors which include technological (Hardware and software), efficient design of processes, and utilization of human recourses. The human resources are the users of the new ERP solution. It is with this in mind that organizations should take risk management strategy that would identify and also control any ERP implementation risks. An organization at risk is exposed to potential threats. Risk management comprises of risk assessment, risk mitigation evaluation and assessment. Risk assessment is used to determine extent of the potential. Some tangible impacts of the success of a threat are thins like loss of revenue and the cost of repairing a system that has been affected (Stoneburner, 2008). Security Threats-ERP threats are real therefore it is important not only to identify the threats but also know the vulnerabilities of the system and look for ways of preventing these threats from breaching the security of the ERP system. The threats may be grouped into the types which include the following:- 3.0 Natural Threats-These are threats that are not caused by human beings. They include quakes, floods, tornadoes, hurricanes, temperature extremes, and many others. Intentional Threats-The best examples of intentional threats are computer crimes or purposeful damage of property or even information. Unintentional Threats-These threats may include unauthorized or even accidental modification of the system. The best way is to study the vulnerability of the system is to identify the threats and then examine the system under those threats. 4.0 Vulnerability of the system One has to think about business transactions that can lead to losses from the information system based abuse, fraud and errors. This may lead to losses occurring when users use the system in a manner that they are not supposed to. It may either be intentional or not. Also there may be threats from intrusion and attacks from outsiders. People may steal or come across authorization credentials and try to enter the system without the knowledge of the authorities and thus jeopardize the integrity of the information contained in the system database. In addition there may also be systems abuse and fraud from the insiders. Authorized users can attempt and indeed succeed in entering into modules that they are not supposed to enter. Centralization of everything in the organization can become a performance bottleneck and also increase the ease with which people can sabotage the entire operations of the organization. One only needs to ensure that the ERP is not w orking and the organization will be on its knees unable to operate. 5.0 External Security Threats Weak Passwords- By use of dictionary attacks, intruders can guess correctly the passwords that are used in the ERP system and hence cause a malicious damage to the system or even get access to otherwise confidential data of the organization thereby compromising the integrity of the organization data. To eliminate this kind of threat, the organization should provide complex passwords and combine

Na Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 4

Na - Essay Example 149). Therefore, the acknowledgement of moral consequences leave men with self-defence as the only reason to lie. Sullivan (1989) presents the theory of Kant, who is a philosopher, on lies. In Sullivan’s report, Kant distinguishes between untruth and a lie. â€Å"Every lie is an untruth, but not every untruth is a lie.† (Sullivan, 1989, pp. 173). One great difficulty with Kant’s moral philosophy is that it implies that our moral obligations leave us powerless right in the face of evil. According to Kant’s theory, we are to live up to the high ideal of conduct regardless of what others are doing. ‘Rigorism’ is a well-known example of Kant’s stand and is also termed as Kant’s concerns on our duty to tell the truth (Sullivan, 1989, pp. 174). Personally, I agree with Penzera (2012) that lying is morally justifiable when it involves self-defence. I also side with Sullivan (1989) on the idea that we should never do something because someone is perpetuating it. Furthermore, white lies just as half-truth are equally lies. This discussion has been able to convince me that we must not always stick to honesty especially when conditions become