A Mir Kiss Essay

1. Evaluate simple and complex concepts of organizational behavior (OB); including the theoretical and practical elements. 2. Identify basic managerial functions, roles, and skills and how they relate to the field of OB, including implications of environmental challenges. 3. Understand the elements of diversity within a global organization and environment. 4. Discuss the foundations of individual behavior through exploration in psychology; including personality, perception, and interpersonal differences. 5. Illustrate understanding of need-based perspectives in motivation including; Maslow’s hierarchy of needs, Alderfer’s ERG theory, and Hertzberg’s dual-structure theory. 6. Illustrate understanding of process-based perspectives in motivation through the equity, expectancy, and reinforcement theories. 7. Explain how job design, work arrangements, and employee participation affect individual performance and job satisfaction. 8. Explain goal setting, performance management, and reward systems as they relate to total quality management efforts. 9. Discuss the nature of stress, managing stress and balancing work-life. 10. Demonstrate the understanding of how individuals make up teams and teams create an organization, and organizational effectiveness is reliant on each level. COURSE CONTENT: Topical areas of study include: Individual behaviors Individual characteristics Group behaviors Personality differences Organizational behaviorsTeam diversity Needs-based motivational modelsOrganizational success Process-based motivational models REQUIRED TEXT & MATERIALS Title: Organizational Behavior Author: Steven McShane and Mary Ann Von Glinow Edition: 2nd edition Publisher: McGraw Hill-Primis ISBN: 978-0-07-338122-0 How to Order Textbook/Materials All books and materials, unless otherwise noted, should be purchased from the Ivy Tech online bookstore. To order the texts required for this class or any other course, go to http[->2]://[->3]www[->4]. [->5]ivytech[->6]. [->7]bkstr[->8]. [->9]com[->10]. Students can order all books and materials for all courses from this site – regardless of whether it is an online or on-campus course. In the future, it is advised that students order textbooks and materials before the start of the semester. Students should use a copy of their course schedule to accurately order books and materials. Schedules can print a copy of their course schedule from Campus Connect at http://cc. ivytech. edu. Students who live in Indiana and surrounding states will normally receive their book order within one day from the time the book is shipped from the warehouse. Paying for overnight shipping on textbook orders from the bookstore is normally not a good use of money as it does not ensure overnight processing of the order – it only ensures that once the book order has been processed, it will be shipped out overnight. Technology Needs & Resources Because this is a web-based course, it is expected that all students who enroll in the course have Internet access and a basic understanding of computer use (e. g. , using e-mail, sending attachments via e-mail, using web browsers, using word processing software such as Microsoft Word). Also, it is expected that all students will regularly check their Ivy Tech e-mail accounts (located in Campus Connect) and/or Blackboard messages as indicated below. Within 48 hours is recommended. This is the PRIMARY method that the college will utilize to contact students. Visit the Distance Learning Web site at: http[->11]://[->12]www[->13]. [->14]ivytech[->15]. [->16]edu[->17]/[->18]distance[->19]/[->20] for more information related to technology requirements for online courses. Check with the nearest campus bookstore for educational pricing if additional software is required for this course. COLLEGE POLICIES Academic Honesty Statement The College is committed to academic integrity in all its practices. The faculty value intellectual integrity and a high standard of academic conduct. Activities that violate academic integrity undermine the quality and diminish the value of educational achievement. Cheating on papers, tests, or other academic works is a violation of College rules. No student shall engage in behavior that, in the judgment of the instructor of the class, may be construed as cheating. This may include, but is not limited to, plagiarism or other forms of academic dishonesty such as the acquisition without permission of tests or other academic materials and/or distribution of these materials and other academic work. This includes students who aid and abet as well as those who attempt such behavior. Copyright Statement Students shall adhere to the laws governing the use of copyrighted materials. They must insure that their activities comply with fair use and in no way infringe on the copyright or other proprietary rights of others and that the materials used and developed at Ivy Tech Community College contain nothing unlawful, unethical, or libelous and do not constitute any violation of any right of privacy. ADA Statement Ivy Tech Community College seeks to provide reasonable accommodations for qualified individuals with documented disabilities. If students need an accommodation because of a documented disability, please contact the Office of Disability Support Services. COURSE POLICIES & PROCEDURES Due Dates & Deadlines The Syllabus and Course Calendar are 2 important tools to help students understand the course, student and instructor expectations, and deadlines. Both documents can be found under the â€Å"Start Here† button in the course within Blackboard. Students are required to submit work on time for a chance to receive credit. Deadlines for each week/assignment are summarized on the course calendar. Students should check the calendar frequently for deadlines and to be aware of what to expect next. Deadlines are subject to change. Students are responsible for timely assignment submission. Should a computer system or network go down, students must still turn in work in a timely manner. Don’t wait until the last minute. Plan ahead by seeking alternative means for submitting work before needed. Local libraries and all Ivy Tech Community College campuses can serve as alternative resources. Contact the closest/most convenient campus or other public lab for schedules and Internet availability. Not having access to the required software on a home or work computer is not a legitimate excuse for turning in homework late. Attendance Policy – Don’t Get Dropped from Class! While it is important to be timely and on-schedule throughout any course, students need to be aware of an important college policy. Ivy Tech performs administrative drops for students who do not â€Å"attend† class early in the semester. Attendance in an online course is determined by whether a student has submitted work or not. Assignments may actually be due on another day (see course calendar), but students need to turn in something worth points before the NSW deadline in order to avoid being dropped for non-attendance. To avoid being dropped for non-attendance, students must submit some assignment from the course calendar no later than 11:59 p. m. Friday, March 22, EST. Am I Required to Come to a Campus for this Class? No, students do not have to come to campus for this course. There are no activities, labs, or assessments that require students to come to campus. Instructional Method This is an online distance-learning course. Each week’s assignments and readings are summarized on the Course Calendar, accessed from the â€Å"Start Here† button in Blackboard. It takes a great deal of discipline, self-motivation and effective time management skills to successfully complete an online course. Many students find it helpful to set aside specific times each week to work on course assignments. Grades All grades will be maintained in Blackboard’s online grade book. Students are responsible to track their progress by referring to the online grade book. Make-Up Policy Late work (tests, case study reviews, discussion board postings, group discussions, marketing project sections, etc. ) will not be accepted, except for the following circumstances. If you have a SERIOUS problem that can be documented/verified and that keeps you from submitting class work on time, please contact your Instructor immediately. The Instructor will determine if the seriousness of your problem warrants an exception to the late assignment rule. Late assignments will be assigned a grade of â€Å"0† unless you have received prior approval from the Instructor. There are no make-ups for any class discussion boards. If you have planned events (vacation, wedding, birth of a child, surgery, etc. ), you can work ahead on assignments with prior approval of the professor. In all cases, communication with the professor in advance is required. You are responsible for timely assignment submission. Should your personal computer system or network go down, you must still turn in your work in a timely manner. Don’t wait until the last minute; plan ahead by seeking alternative means for submitting your work before you need to. Local libraries and all Ivy Tech Community College campuses can serve as alternative resources. Contact your campus or other public lab for schedules and Internet availability. Not having access to the required software on your home or work computer is NOT a legitimate excuse for turning in homework late. Technical problems are NOT an excuse for late or missed assignments or exams. If you experience difficulty with email, posting on the discussion boards, attaching files, finding/submitting assignments, or exam administration on Blackboard, the problem can be readily resolved by contacting your instructor or technical support at Ivy Tech prior to the assignment’s due date. Plan ahead by seeking alternative means for submitting your work before the situation arises. Local libraries and all Ivy Tech Community College campuses can serve as alternative resources. Contact your campus or other public lab for schedules and Internet availability. There will not be any extra credit offered in this course, so it is very important to plan ahead and not miss any assignments. Last Day to Withdraw If a student wishes to withdraw from this course, students are responsible for completing an official withdrawal form with the registrar. The last day to withdraw from this course is April 27, 2013. Right of Revision. The college reserves the right to change any statements, policies or scheduling as necessary. Students will be informed promptly of any and all changes. COURSE COMMUNICATION Instructor Commitment Ivy Tech Community College instructors are committed to responding to students within two business days. If a student sends communication, but does not receive a response, they should double-check that the correct communication method was used and that the correct location is being checked for a reply. Students can contact their local Distance Education Support with questions. NOTE: Messages are very different from Email. Students should carefully review the information below to ensure they are sending and receiving course communication properly. Messages: all students must use the messages function of the course for course-related communications. Using messages, students can send and receive information from within the course. Messages can only be sent and received from within the course in Blackboard. Please check messages frequently. To access messages (send and receive): 1. Log into Blackboard & enter the course. 2. Click on ‘Communication & Tools’, then Messages. 3. There are two folders: Inbox and Sent. The Inbox folder will contain all received messages (so look there for messages from the instructor or other students). The Sent folder will contain sent. 4. At the top left corner, above the folders, is the button to start a Create Message. 5. After clicking on Create Message, clicking on the â€Å"To† button students can select the name of the person to write. Use the right-facing arrow to move the person into the â€Å"recipient† box. 6. Then, type a message and click on the Submit button when ready to send it. ASSIGNMENTS & GRADING. Methods of Evaluation Case Study Assignments (200 points 2 @ 100 points each): Two case study exercises will be required. The case study assignments are designed to introduce, review, and further explore issues in the class. Discussion Boards (250 points 10 @ 25 points each): During the course, an online discussion forum will be developed to further explore topics addressed in the assigned readings.  ·Students will be required to post one response to the instructor posted question. As a student, you will be required to respond to one additional comment to one of your fellow classmates. Responses are required to be grounded in academic material, especially the required readings. Each discussion board session is worth a total of 25 points.  ·Answers are required to be grounded in academic material, especially the required readings. All postings are graded, based on academic merit. Posts that do not refer to the course/lesson material or do not provide academic support will not receive any credit.  ·Discussion Board Rubric and Guidelines are posted under the Resources button. Quizzes (400 points 10 @ 40 points each): Students will be required to complete brief chapter quizzes that are objective in nature. The quizzes are designed to assist students in learning and reviewing chapter objectives. How is my grade calculated? Discussion Boards(8 at 25 points each)|200 (25%)| Case Study Exercises(2 at 100 points each)|200 (25%)| Quizzes(10 at 40 points each) |400 (50%)| TOTAL|800 (100%)| [*NO make-up or extra credit will be available at any time during the course. ] Grades will be calculated as total points earned according to the following scale. It is highly recommend that you monitor your own progress throughout the semester. Grades will be available weekly on Blackboard. Grading Scale  90% – 100%A 80% – 89%B 70% – 79%C 60% – 69%D Below 60%F **Assignment/discussion grades will be posted one week after the due date. ADDITIONAL SUPPORT Optional Campus Support Students are welcome to use the services and equipment available at the most convenient Ivy Tech Campus. Services include academic advising, equipment, libraries, and tutoring. Please locate the most convenient Ivy Tech campus by reviewing the information at http[->21]://[->22]ivytech[->23]. [->24]edu[->25]/[->26]campuses[->27]/[->28]. Library The Ivy Tech Library is available to students on- and off-campus, offering  full text journals, books, and other resources essential for course assignments. The Library can be accessed from the â€Å"Library† tab in Blackboard or from the â€Å"Library† tab in Campus Connect. Click for Help Log into Blackboard at http://online. ivytech. edu and visit the â€Å"Click for Help† tab for information about computer downloads. This tab provides students with important computer information, including security software, viewer software for users without Microsoft products, adobe reader, flash player, java, and more. Disabilities Services  Students with questions or needs for disabilities support services should contact their local Disabilities Support Services director/coordinator. In the future, it is recommended that students contact Disabilities Support Services at least 30 days before the start of the semester. The contact information listed here is for the disabilities support director/coordinator at the instructor’s local campus. For information about disabilities support services at another campus, please visit: http://ivytech. edu/dss/ or Campus Connect (http://cc.  ivytech. edu). Disabilities Support Contact: First Name:Michelle Last Name:Lehman Phone Number:765-269-5421 Email (Ivy Tech Email):mlehman16@ivytech. edu Blackboard IM ID:mlehman16 Office/Campus Location:Ivy Hall Room 1323 Office Hours:Mon- Thurs. 8am-5pm Fri 9am-5pm Course Calendar| |Readings|Assignments/Assessments|Due Date| Week 1: 3/18 – 3/24Session1 and 2|Chapter 1 – Introduction to the Field of Organizational Behavior|- Discussion Board Introduction|Initial Post3/18Responses3/19Quizzes 1 & 2 3/24, 11 pm| |Chapter 2 – Individual. Behavior, Personality and Values|Discussion Board 2 – READ ONLY – Chapter 1 & 2 Quiz|Quizzes 1 & 2 3/24, 11 pm| Week 2:3/25- 3/31Session3 and 4|Chapter 3 -Perception and Learning in Organizations|- Discussion Board 3- Chapter 3 Quiz |Initial Post3/25Responses 3/27 Quiz 3/31, 11 pmCase Study3/31, 11 pm| ||Discussion Board 4 – READ ONLYCase Study #1| Case Study 13/31, 11 pm | Week 3: 4/1 – 4/7Session5 and 6|Chapter 4 – Workplace Emotions, Attitudes and Stress| Discussion Board 5- Chapter 4 Quiz-Chapter 5 Quiz |Initial Post4/01Responses 4/4 Quiz 4 4/7, 11 pmQuiz 5 4/7, 11 pm | |Chapter 5 – Employee Motivation: Foundations and Practices|Discussion Board 6 – READ ONLY- Chapter 5 Quiz|Quiz 5 4/7, 11 pm| Week 4:4/8 – 4/14Session7 and 8|Chapter 6 – Decision Making and Creativity|Discussion Board 7- Chapter 6 Quiz-Chapter 7 Quiz|Initial Post4/8Responses 4/11 Quiz 6 4/14, 11 pmQuiz 7 4/14, 11 pm| |Chapter 7 – Team Dynamics|Discussion Board 8 – READ ONLY|Quiz 7 4/14, 11 pm| Week 5:4/15 – 4/21Session 9 and 10|Chapter 8 – Communicating in Teams and Organizations|- Chapter 8 & 9 QuizDiscussion Board 9|Initial Post4/15Responses 4/19Quiz 8 4/21, 11 pmQuiz 9 4/21, 11 pm| |Chapter 9 – Power and Influence in the Workplace|- Discussion Board 10 – READ ONLY- Chapter 9 Quiz|Quiz 9 4/21, 11 pm| Week 6:4/22 – 4/28Session11 and 12|Chapter 10 – Conflict Management |- Discussion Board 11- Chapter 10 QuizCase Study #2|Initial Post4/22Responses 4/25Quiz 10 4/28, 11 pmCase Study 4/28, 11 pm| ||Discussion Board 12 – READ ONLYCase Study #2||  Week 7:4/29 – 5/05Session13 and 14|Chapter 11 –Leadership in OrganizationalChapter 12 – Organizational Structure |Discussion Board 13Chapter 11 & 12 Quiz|Initial Post4/29Responses 5/02Quizzes 11 and 12 5/05, 11 pm| |Chapter 13 – Organizational Culture|Discussion Board 14 – READ ONLY| Quiz 12 5/05| Week 8:5/06 – 5/10Session15 and 16|Chapter 14- Organizational Change|- Discussion Board 15 – READ ONLY- Discussion Board 16 – Chapter 13& 14 Quiz |Board 16: Initial Post5/06Responses 5/10, 11 pmQuizzes 13 & 14 5/10, 11 pm | Session16||Discussion Board 16|5/10| [->0] – https://online. ivytech. edu/webapps/blackboard/execute/courseMain? course_id=_340751_1 [->1] – mailto:laf-distance-ed@lists. ivytech. edu.

“My Son the Marine” by Frank Schueffer Essay

The story â€Å"My Son the Marine† Is written by Frank Schueffer. The reason for this paper is to identify weather or no to author used logos ethos or pathos in the story. The story took place on a summer day. One day after high school a young boy decides he wanted to join the military. The young boy talks to almost all of the military recruiters except one. Later that afternoon there was a knock on his door from the one military branch he did not visit, The United States Marine Corp (USMC). The boy was taken by the appearance and demeanor of the two marines at his door. After his talk with the marines he decided that is he was to join the military he would definitely join the marine. The boy’s father could not understand his decision. he thought it was a waste of his son’s talent and could envision his soft son the one that like poetry would be tough enough to handle the mental, physical and emotional aspects of the journey to becoming a Marine . Later in the story the father starts to understand the question of why his son wants to join the USMC. The logos of this story is shown when the father changes his mind set from, my son couldn’t possibly be a Marine to thinking of his son as a Marine. â€Å"Did he have it in him to become a Marine? I knew that john’s idea of a good time was to curl up in front of the fireplace and rereading his favorite bits of The Hobbit.† To a parent worst fear is that there children will try something that is out of the area of knowledge and the child gets there hope up only to fall short of their goals. â€Å"When his son parade in†, a tall Marine† every parent dreams that there children will succeed. There are only a few examples of ethos; one was shown when the father was over thinking his son’s decision to join the military. â€Å"Why the hell was John going into the Marines†? The other example  of ethos, which is more profound, is the last par t of the story but certainly no least when the father hangs up the phone from talking to his son. â€Å"I stared at the television there were fire-fighters cops and military personnel struggling to find survivors and thousands dead. I felt deeply frustrated being able to do nothing. At least I knew that I could look the men and women in uniform in the eyes. My son, after all, was one of them†. The author did a great job of building repore and empathy for the father in the story. The author was able to use creative use of words to set the tone or mood of the father’s confusion about his sons need for to become the â€Å"few the proud a Marine†. The tone that was created was soft, protective, and thoughtful. And showed a change in tone and mode when the fathers son finally graduated and became a Marine The story, in conclusion, is a heartfelt story of a man and his son. It concerns the journey off what parents go through when saying goodbye to their children as they set off in unknown and unchartered territory. The pride the parents feel when their children suc ceed is exponential. The author wss able to capture the heart sting of the reader. Although the author used false logic to almost convince the father that his son was destined to fail. Works Cited Scueffer, Frank. My Son the Marine. Reading Literature and writing assignements 4th ed.

Effective Management Essay

An effective manager accepts the political nature of organizations. Power tactics are used to translate power bases into specific action, and there are a number of tactics that could be used in various situations. As a manager trying to influence your employees, what tactics would you personally be most likely to use? Why? It is often necessary to have political influence to enable organizational members to achieve their goals, especially if these goals involve some degree of change or innovation. Network is defined by Richard L.  Daft as, â€Å"a system that links together people and departments within or among an organizations for the purpose of sharing information resources. † But, a more common and more subtle form of political behavior involves networking. Networking is when an individual establishes good relations with key organization members and/or key people outside the organization in order to accomplish one’s goals. Something as seemingly trivial as the arrangement of furniture in an office can affect perceptions of another person’s power. One vivid example comes from John Ehrlichman’s book Witness to Power. Ehrlichman described his first visit to J. Edgar Hoover’s office at the Department of Justice. The legendary director of the FBI had long been one of the most powerful men in Washington, DC, and as Ehrlichman’s impressions reveal, Hoover used every opportunity to reinforce that image. Ehrlichman was first led through double doors into a room replete with plaques, citations, trophies, medals, and certificates jamming every wall. He was then led through a second similarly decorated room into a third trophy room, and finally to a large but bare desk backed by several flags and still no J. Edgar Hoover. The guide opened a door behind the desk, and Ehrlichman went into a smaller office, which Hoover dominated from an impressive chair and desk that stood on a dais about six inches high. Erhlichman was instructed to take a seat on a lower couch, and Hoover peered down on Ehrlichman from his own loftier and intimidating place.

Correlational research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Correlational - Research Paper Example The first step in the design will be to make an observation of a social event or situation. In this instance, such observation has already been made, the outcome of which has helped in determining the two variables to use. This is because of De Voss et. Al. (1982) indicated that when observations are made about issues that are unknown, unexplained or new, it helps in formulating problems from the observed issues. The problem that will be dealing with can, therefore, be said to be the impact of aptitude test on success in an algebra course. That is, if aptitude test correlates positively with success with algebra test, then it means students’ failure can be associated with low aptitude test outcomes.The second step in the design will be to formulate a hypothesis or a set of hypotheses that explain the observations. A hypothesis is a general claim made about the relationship between the variables before actual data collection begins (Meredith, Gall, and Borg, 2007). The hypothes is must, however, be approached in such a way that it can be tested as being either valid or not valid. Depending on the background research performed on the variables, it will be possible to easily formulate a hypothesis that can be validated. For this topic, a possible hypothesis is that there is no relationship between an aptitude test and success with algebra course.The third stage is one of the most important, where the researcher designs or formulates a plan to test the hypothesis that has been set.

Retail marketing of apple lnc Dissertation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 9000 words

Retail marketing of apple lnc - Dissertation Example †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 9 2.1. Company Profile †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦... 10 2.1.1. Market-Share Analysis †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 11 Chapter- 3 - LITERATURE REVIEW †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 13 3.1. Company-Owned retail marketing †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 13 3.1.1. Marketing mix and Company’s own retailing†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 14 3.2. Retail marketing / Own-store marketing strategy of Apple Inc†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 16 3.2.1. Rationale †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 17 3.2.2. What was pr edicted about Apple-stores? †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 18 3.2.3. Apple’s experience of unique success with Retail-mark†¦. 19 3.2.4. Apple’s retail-store design†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 21 3.2.5. Delivering Values to the customers †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦... 24 Chapter- 4 - THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 26 AND RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 4.1. Introduction †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 26 4.2. Explanatory Research†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 26 4.3. Research Process †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 27 4.3.1. Observation †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 27 4.3.2. Data Gathering †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 28 4.3.3. ... 30 5.2.1. Apple’s retail marketing for Customer-Focus†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 31 5.2.2. Apple’s retail marketing for Brand-loyalty †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 32 5.2.3. Apple’s Retail stores for relationship marketing†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 34 5.2.4. Retail marketing for Competitive advantages†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 34 5.3. Synthesis and Evaluation†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 35 5.4 . Five Forces Analysis†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 37 5.5. Major findings of the research †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 38 Chapter- 6 - CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 41 6.1. Evaluative Conclusion †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢ € ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 41 6.2. Recommendation †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 42 6.3. Suggestion for future research †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 42 REFERENCES †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 43 Chapter 1 INTRODUCTION Apple Inc, established by Steve Jobs, Ronald Wayne and Steve Wozniak in early 1970s, has become one of the most influential and successful companies in today’s computer and mobile technology. Apple’s history goes back to one-off hobby machines that a very talented electronic wiz made for himself and that has become the core of the most successful companies of all times (O'Grady 2008, p. 1). Though its past 30 years of market ing strategies were full of highs and lows as normally anticipated of a highly technology and innovative company, Apple’s business and marketing success remained far positive despite the challenges it faced. It has been gradually growing to be a Fortune 500 and a multi-billionaire company being able to impact the social, cultural and economic spheres of

The role of traditional political parties in the democratization Essay

The role of traditional political parties in the democratization process - Essay Example As a result, most countries have changed from military to political-civil regimes that foster democratic governance. Political parties play fundamental roles in governance and are critical for the lifelong political development in emerging democracies.This paper highlights the role of political parties in the democratisation process in Latin America, and explores the factors leading to the decline of traditional political parties and their possible comeback in the near future. Democracy illustrates the rights held by citizens that allow them to choose their own government and officials through secret ballot after a defined period. Democracy is achieved following thetransformation of authoritarian rule into a state that is guided by the civil majority. Democratic regimes are characterised by the civic responsibility through which citizens elect their leaders whose prime functions is to protect basic human rights. In this regard, political stability is achieved and through it,economic and social benefits are reaped. Similarly, democracies involve conducting free and fair elections that does not discriminate across citizens of voting age. As such, representative democracy is the most common form in majority government settings where citizens elect officials to make political decisions, formulate laws, and implement policies to benefit the society.In any democracy, political parties are essential owing to the various functions they perform in their capacities that include the representation of social interests. Political parties are regarded as the primal link between the state and society where quality representation is sought for equitable distribution of justice and resources (Cott 1). As such, the responsiveness of party systems to the interests and demands of organised groups largely influences the quality and stability of democratic institutions. Early political parties in Latin America were formed to provide a platform on which different opinions could be ra ised for the benefit of the society.Traditional political parties were formed based on the ideology shared, which saw the emergence of conservative, liberal, federal, clerical and anticlerical parties (Lambert 183). Significant of the Traditional Parties These traditional parties serve as links between political elites and citizens where they mobilise members into participation during the electoral process. In this way, revolutionary movements under social organisation embark on calls for reforms and regime change. Intense social and political upheaval characterised the 1970s in Latin America as social movements and popular mobilisations intensified calls for reforms.Governments under authoritarian or military regimes in Latin America suppressed any form of civil society activity as a way of maintainingcontrol of the state. The governments denied political expression and weakened the existing groups that sought reprieve over the prevailing social conditions.Hostility accorded social movements in their bid to push for political reforms acted as a catalyst that garnered more support for the movements. Movement leaders mobilised their supporters to protests that were aimed at destabilising the authoritarian regime. The resulting instability formed the basis of political reforms with the hope of creating an all-inclusive government that would cater for the

Is aspartame safe for you Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Is aspartame safe for you - Research Paper Example Aspartame’s health concerns have been an issue of debate lately and this is why it is surrounded by controversies. In this paper the impact of Aspartame will be analyzed. Researches on Aspartame have revealed more than a few negative effects of regular usage of Aspartame especially the way it affects human brain’s cellular activity. In a research it was concluded that â€Å"excessive aspartame ingestion might be involved in the pathogenesis of certain mental disorders (DSM-IV-TR 2000) and also in compromised learning and emotional functioning† (Humphries et al., 2007). It happens so because of the highly toxic derivatives created in the body after the consumption of aspartame. Once ingested, aspartame breaks down intotoxic derivatives because of the presence of 50% phenylalanine, 40% aspartic acid,10% methanol/wood alcohol in its formula which formsformaldehyde (a colorless toxin) and a carcinogen called diketopiperazine in the body. (Humphries et al., 2007) Cumulatively, these toxins are responsible for affecting neurotransmitter regulation. In some studies, aspartame was regarded as the potential prompter, encourager or aggravator of risky pregnancy and cancer. The chemicals that break down after the use of aspartame pose immense threat to the developing fetus as well as the mother because it damages brain activity and can cause birth defects, reported Dr. Russell Blaylock (Raffelock, 2010). Just one can of diet soft drink containing aspartame can cause salient health-affecting symptoms in pregnant ladies such as nausea, headaches/migraines, numbness and dizziness to name a few alongwith increasing the risk of pre-mature baby birth by 78% (Chitty, 2011). Similarly, the risk of Parkinson’s, Alzheimer’s and ALS (Lou Gehrig’s Disease) can also considerably increase with daily intake of aspartame. (Chitty, 2011) This happens due to the formation of excitotoxins like Domoic acid and glutamate by phenylalanine that stimulates the brain cells negatively to

Analysis of breastfeeding ad Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Analysis of breastfeeding ad - Essay Example People may find the image controversial, thrilling or some may even judge it as obscene because of the showing of the nipples but it cannot be denied that it only reflects the reality that babies really suck nipples to be fed. If this image will be judged as obscene, its creator can readily defend themselves that they are only portraying a reality. The ad may be controversial but it cannot be readily dismissed as garbage because it was created by a reputable ad agency. It meant that the people who created the ad were professionals and knows what they are doing. The reputation of the advertising agency who created it made the ad credible and served as the ethos. Initially, people may want to dismiss the ad as something obscene or improper but when they realize that it was actually created by a professional and global advertising agency, they would tend to analyze and reconsider their opinion and look the ad closely. Had this image been created by a nobody, it would have dismissed as d isrespectful and obscene. But it received a different treatment when it was made by an advertising agency that breastfed advocated even lauded the ad. The advertisement becomes very powerful because the image used the rhetorical tools of pathos, ethos, and logos effectively. The image of the baby sucking his or her mother’s nipple is very emotional. It is also logical because that is how really babies are fed. It is also credible because it is made by a reputable advertising agency. The ad is so powerful that it stirred controversy.

British History Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

British History - Essay Example If we are questioning identity, then perhaps it is not proper to talk about how the empire talks of the great European question rather the commonwealth of these three so called nations if that will be correct. How can such an empire stand if until now, it has still no clear view of what an Empire should be and or how it should be perceived by the surrounding nations. As of now, Canada, Australia and some parts of Africa are seen to be an extension of the empire's blood. In on way or so, it is also proper to say that somehow, empire has an impact in the Britishness of the people. People will ask how exactly did it form an imperial and national ethic and is the wrapping of flag to these three nations even worth it Others say it is just a propaganda, others say the empire is trying and haggling over this goal to reach unity for identity. Dennis Judd from the University of London in his article entitled Britain: The Land Before Hope and Glory stated a very significant message as he tried to describe this longing for identity and the search for unity. To be clear, he said: The Celtic involvement in the British imperial mission was, however, often ambivalent, and sometimes downright obstructive. After all, it was the English who had claimed the hegemony of the British Isles, and who had in one way or another subdued, conquered or incorporated the three Celtic nations. Although Scotland was arguably the most independent and self-sufficient of these, the role was more that of junior partner than equal, despite the apparent willingness with which the Scottish people entered the Union by negotiation in 1707. The Welsh, however, were far more clearly a dispossessed nation, driven from the prosperous lowlands of England by the Anglo-Saxon invaders in the wake of the Roman retreat, and the Irish were even more palpably a conquered people, although here the equation was complicated by the passionate pro-Unionism of the Protestant minority in the northern counties. (Judd, page 1) It is then easier to understand and easier to say that the idea and or ideology of empire is the one that keeps these three united nations kicking and striving for commonwealth. It is also the same ideology that boosts power to gain more in the globalized world. This is the thing they also call as commercial empire, something that the people would understand and know as an advantage and a merit for embracing this ideology. And if in the old years of existence, India was the main source of employment, during the beginning of this imperialization of Britain, there came new chance for people in the area. New jobs and better lives were facing people from their front doors. The Empire has also made known its strong military force that is equivalent to Russia or Germany. Despite all these forms of development which came around the empire, still there are also ideas that came about promoting an opposite term of effect to the imperialism. In one way or at some point, the empire was seen to be spreading its power by first having faithful nationalism and one soul within them. This is not solely for the purpose of attaining peace and unity within a country like the typical saying goes, instead this is to brag around the world that

Children and the holocaust Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Children and the holocaust - Research Paper Example The urge of the German leader, Adolf Hitler, to control the Semites and to trim their generation underpins the great commitment of his government to reduce the population of Jewish children. As children were perceived as the propagative generations, they were a priority target at a time when the Germans felt that Jews were traitors and did not deserve to exist in the country. From this perspective, the Holocaust was a period suffering for Children, which had both immediate effects and negative consequences long after the war. Prior to the Second World War, the German government had sent a number of signs that Jews would be the next victim of terror under the autocratic leadership of Hitler. The Germany government expressed high level of dissatisfaction with the Jews, who were perceived as traitors during the period of the war. While there was an expectation that the Jews would have fallen victim of Hitler power abuse, it was not anticipated that such a negative ordeal would befall children as it dawned as soon as the war began. Statistics indicate that over 1.5 million children were killed during the holocaust, of which 1.2 million were from the Jewish community (Sterling 212). The rest comprised of the Gypsy and German children who were perceived to have mental defects. The German government targeted children as one of the ways of punishing the Jews. Besides, the government had a motive to shun the popularity of Jews that was growing as a result of their population increase. Since children represented t he continuity of the Jewish generation, they were the main target to control population increase and to discontinue the disloyal, as they put it, generation. At the eve of the war, children were separated from their parents forcefully and they no longer had the power to hold on their rights of keeping their children. The government targeted the Jewish settlement areas and killed majority of the population while transporting others to the

Wengart Aircraft Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Wengart Aircraft - Coursework Example Need to implement TQM to comply with Presidential Executive Order (PEO) 12552: Not only does profitability demand better quality one of its major customers is demanding it and doing so with the authority of a PEO. Quickly and effectively Wengart must implement TQM in a verifiable manner and with a significant impact on production quality Education and Training Deficiencies: The case only refers to these tangentially. However, implementing a new system such as TQM will require education and training of employees in this new system. According to the case the company is failing miserably at this already. Poor communication: Managers and line supervisors left a meeting on TQM â€Å"with various interpretations of TQM† and line workers had even more interpretations of its meaning. Mary Romero, a supervisor studying TQM â€Å"is confused at the brevity of TQM information she and other supervisors got...† The company is not adequately communicating the definition, process or importance of TQM. Confused responsibilities: The President, Ralph Larsen, does not want to be directly involved in TQM so he can focus on profits: TQM is the key to increased profitability. The Human Resources department is not involved in leadership in the program despite the fact that it will require redefinition of jobs and responsibilities, and may result in lay-offs. Alternative #3 is recommended. Implementation of TQM is the most important challenge facing he company. Without it it may loss its DoD contracts. Also, TQM is key for improving the companys profit profile. Therefore, the company needs to create a TQM department, headed up by a V-P TQM who is an experienced expert in the field. Working with the VP Production and VP HR to develop a comprehensive implementation program, an effective communications strategy, and metrics to measure the success of the

Conception and Ethics of Attire in Puritans of Elizabeth and Jacob Era Essay Example for Free

Conception and Ethics of Attire in Puritans of Elizabeth and Jacob Era Essay In English literature, importance of religion can not be denied at any cost. Two thoughts had emerged up since yet in Elizabeth England therefore their believes, faith and conviction became solid in nature. A thing is mandatory in distinct dimensions initial in esteem of nature for the safeguarding of being healthy. Next would be honor for place, calling and clause for the repairs and maintenance therefore human literature talks about ethics and tradition which normally is being prevailed inside particular place. [ ] Catholic and puritan is two distinctive segment of religion in England. England’s Golden Age The mainly fabulous era of English literature, called the Elizabethan Age. It was started in the later years of Elizabeths mortality. Francis Bacon wrote on ‘The Faerie Queene in her honor. Shakes came before her but at the time of her casualty he had not yet written most of his great tragedies. Elizabeth enjoyed plays, but there is no verification that she appraised Shakespeare’s genius in Golden age, catholic were more in number than puritans [ ] In 1500, transformational phase was being proceeded as believes, thoughts and faith had been getting shape therefore official religion was that one which king or queen personally liked and brought it into limelight by teaching this particular religion. But some people had to adhere the fact if they fell in wrong religion therefore they treated like bull shit. They had remained risk of losing their wealth and property in any case of mishap. Puritans were basically invention of martin Luther who made this particular segment for the sake of abstaining comment from outside. Like in transformational period, people started to question on the Roman Catholic practitioner and followers. Generically term puritan narrates to protestant infect people who accused to protest against the set pattern of catholic terms. The major code of Puritanism was Gods supreme power on human contact therefore inside the church and particularly as spoken in the Bible. This view put them to request jointly to person and shared conformance to the training of the Bibl, and it put them to pursue both ethical clarity down to the nominal feature as well as church transparency to the maximum level. Puritan community really gave prestigious value both man and woman as if defined their roles in society. puritan had many conflicting points with catholic as portents didn’t believe in hierarchical relation of religious servers in church but this side of people like father who used to deliver indispensable services to people but catholic after passage of time replaced this idea therefore conflicts in believe a raised which made distribution among people. Eventually two groups of people arise. The basic of social classification exerted authority of husband on wife, parents over children and owner on servants in social context. Puritan wedding preferences were prejudiced by juvenile people’s leaning, by parents by the social ranks [ ]. Which have cavernous touch to puritan method of bandage because family setup talks about personal liking and disliking that’s why this key influencing factor always have some imposed thinking in the mind of individual who is usually pertaining entitlement of that community.

Environmental Problems In The Superstructure Construction Construction Essay

Environmental Problems In The Superstructure Construction Construction Essay To identify the environmental problems in the superstructure construction, we need to recognize the environmental aspect of this site. So that identifies the environmental impact or problems. According to the ISO 14001:2004 Environmental Management system, it lists out several environmental aspects a) emissions to air, b) releases to water, c) releases to land, d) use of raw materials and natural resources, e) use of energy, f) energy emitted, e.g. heat, radiation, vibration, g) waste and by-products, and h) physical attributes, e.g. size, shape, colour, appearance. Environmental aspect and impact Emissions to air During construction, all the material e.g. ready mixed concrete truck will deliver to the site by trucks or other vehicles, any transportation method to the site will require fuel to run. Thus they will release some pollutant to the air like CO, CO2, NO, NO2à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ Impact Global warming will become more obviously. Although CO2 can maintain the temperature in the earth, excessive CO2 emission will cause green house effect. If the temperature continuous rise, it will become a big disaster for example the mean sea level will increase and the land will drown due to the ice in polar is melted. On the other hand, some of the pollutant will affect the health of human for example NO2 can irritate the lungs and lower resistance to respiratory infection such as influenza. Releases to water Due to the statutory requirement in Hong Kong, the exit of the site must install a wheel washing system to avoid any dust or pollutants bring to outside environment by vehicles. This kind of system will consume so much water and the water will be soil water. Any discharging of waste water will cause pollution. Impact If the waste water is directly discharged to the soil without any treatment, the toxic chemical inside the water will affect the existing plants or tree. The soil will store the toxic contaminant even passing many years. Also, the waste water will create a bad smell to environment. They may not damage the human health, but the bad smell will affect the working condition for worker. Releases to land The site area will divide to several parts for storage area. However this kind of material may be highly corrosion to the existing land for example cement is acidic and the soil is alkali. When cement is leakage to the soil, the soil original property will change and harmful the existing tree and plants. Impact The soil contamination will happen; the soil will become harmful to the existing tree and plant. This effect will not disappear in a short time; it is a long term effect. Use of raw materials and natural resources Timber is one kind of natural resources. It made by tree e.g. hard wood, soft wood. In building construction, timber is playing a very important role of construction material. The most commonly type is timber formwork. Before discharging the fresh concrete, timber formwork will form the fresh concrete to required shape. However the timber formwork cannot use many times because the fresh concrete will corrode the timber formwork. Impact The tree needs to take long time to grow, so timber will not provide without limit. In addition, there are many other products made by timber like furniture, paperà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ If the timber is over used and the timber becomes less production, it will very inconvenient for human life. Moreover the tree have a function to absorb the CO2, so when more and more tree disappear, the situation of global warning will get worse. Also the root of the tree can hold tightly to the soil, when the tree is cut, more chance to happen landslide in sloping area. Use of energy and f) energy emitted All the equipments will require electricity to operate in the site for example some hand tools use by worker, lighting system, passenger hoist and material hoist. On the other hand the machine will consume fuel to operate during excavation or transportation. During piling work on the site, the piling process will create big noise and vibration to the environment. Nevertheless, other construction process will also generate big impaction to environment. Impact Since the electricity is come from the fossil fuel by generator, the fossil fuel will create lot of containments like CO2 when burn them. As the above mention, CO2 will lead to green house effect and global warming will appear. Huge vibration will easily get settlement in adjacent buildings. Also the noise will annoy people and become noise pollution. Waste and by-products and h) physical attributes, They are almost same as the above mention. Reference Safety plan What is a safety plan? Safety plan is a document to direct the safety activity for a project. The main idea of the safety plan is to minimize the accident which causes worker injury and any hazard of their health. It will include the following things 1.Safety Policy, 2.Safety Organization, 3.Safety Training, 4.In-house Safety rules regulations, 5.Safety Committee, 6.Programme for inspection of hazardous conditions, 7.Job hazard analyze, 8.Person Protection Programme (PPP), 9.Accident/incident investigation, 10.Emergency preparedness, 11.Safety Promotion, 12.Health Assurance Programme, 13.Evaluation selection and control of subcontractor, 14.Process control programme Safety Policy We need to follow the statutory requirements Factory Industrial Undertakings Ordinance and Regulations Dangerous Goods Ordinance and Regulations Electricity Ordinance Fire Services Ordinance Builders Lifts and Tower Working Platforms (Safety) Ordinance Any related ordinances and regulations Safety Organization The following safety responsibilities should be clearly assigned: Monitoring the implementation and compliance of the Site Safety Plan Arrangement for regular reporting and communication Preparation of method statement, hazard identification survey, risk assessment and establishment of risk control system and monitoring its effectiveness and progress Training and promotion communicating with the enforcement agencies and outside advisory sources Reactive action to staff suggestion Subcontractors First-aid officer, competent persons and examiners 3. Safety Training To ensure the worker can use the machine properly to speed up the construction sequence and avoid the accident happening. The project should provide the following training like: Aerial Lift Operator Training Crane Operator Training Defensive Driver Training Powered Industrial Truck Operator Training Before the work start, it should have a site orientation or induction of training. The orientations provide a forum for the owner/managing contractor to convey its commitment to provide a safe working environment for all individuals on the job site. There also is an opportunity to remind everyone of their responsibility to give due consideration to safety while planning and conducting their work. This is the time to reinforce their responsibility not to expose others on the job site to risks or hazards. 4. In-house Safety rules regulations The entire worker in the site must wear the safety helmet and when the worker needs to wear the safety rope before they require working in height. The worker should wear the air-purifying respirators like mask to avoid any harmful contaminants inhale to worker body. Before the worker start to work, they must have suitable certificate with the corresponded safety training course. So the worker can prove they have required ability to work. Confined Space Certified Worker Safety Training Course Forklift Truck Operator License Examination Course Safety Training Course for Electric Arc Welding Manual Lifting and Handling Competent Person Safety Training Course Electrician License A Trade Test Preparation Course Electrician License B Trade Test Preparation Course Safety Committee Establish regularly coordinating meeting and site safety committee arrangement. Programme for inspection of hazardous conditions Regular inspection on the site the time interval is based on the past performance and hazard profile. Establish the inspection profile like compliance and safety walk and responsible personnel (including site senior management, safety officers and safety supervisors) Using the checklist to ensure they are fulfilled the standard. Job hazard analyze There are many hazards on the site like: Fall from height Falling objects Stepping on or striking against object Hazards associated with operation of machinery, transport and earth moving equipment such as concrete mixing plants, trucks, bulldozers, excavators etc. Hazards associated with lifting of materials, both mechanical and manual. Electrical hazards Fire hazards Chemical hazards Collapse of earth during excavation, slope cutting After we identify the corresponding the risk of the hazard, we can arrange the suitable solution to minimize the accident. Person Protection Programme (PPP) We must ensure that the use of personal protective equipment (PPE) is the last resort after exhausting the hazard control. The PPE includes Safety helmet, safety footwear, UV protection (e.g. long sleeve shirts, wide brim hats, 15+ sunscreen) and eye, hearing and respiratory protection The selection and procurement must choose appropriate PPE with the qualification. We should provide suitable training to the worker to show how to use, storage and maintenance of the PPE. For example, we need to provide the safety helmets cabinet to store them. Accident/incident investigation Establish a system of notification, recording and reporting. We should provide some systematic arrangement for investigation and implementation of remedial measures to curb further recurrence. Structured approach for compiling and analyzing accident Statistics. Arrangement for studying the trends of accidents and formulate strategies for enhancement of performance. Emergency preparedness For small fire accident, it should provide the suitable fire-extinguisher e.g. water CO2, foamà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ to stamp out the fire. For large fire accident, all the construction work must stop and follow the emergency routes to escape. Also, alarm system should be provided to remind worker to escape. For heavy typhoon like signal 8 and the red and black signal of the rainstorm, all the construction work must stop. We should provide the emergency manual on the site which contains: An emergency plan Floor plans and layout showing emergency exits, firefighting equipment Diagrams and layout of dangerous goods stores Telephone numbers of key company personnel, the police, etc. A list of outside bodies qualified to assist with special problem Safety Promotion We should have regularly meeting to the worker on site to promote the safety construction. Also we can establish the award and penalty system e.g. pay safety. If they can fulfill the safety requirement, they can get extra money. Otherwise, it will be reverse. Using the posters, magazines, newsletters, accident statistics displays video to increase the safety awareness of the worker. Health Assurance Programme We should provide some system such as pre-employment and medical examination programme for monitoring the exposure of labour. Noise control and provide suitable ear protector to the worker if they need to work in high noise area. Provide enough toilet facilities, hand washing, drinking water, resting and eating place and facilities for storage of personal protective equipment. Evaluation selection and control of subcontractor Means of communication and coordination with subcontractors and their employees and appropriate sub-contractor control. We must provide properly test system to check that all tools, materials and substances used by the subcontractors comply with statutory requirements. Establish some systems for reviewing subcontractors performance. For example if the sub-contractor cannot fulfill the standard, they will be exchanged. Process control programme Arrangement and procedures for ensuring that safety rules, and working sequence have been established and implemented for all safety and health aspects, and in particular a safe system of work, safe working method statement and permit-to-work system for highly risky operations, including but not limited to the following: Management of the Place of Work Fire Arrangements including precautions and firefighting equipment Work in confined spaces Working at height House keeping Protection against falling objects Management of Tasks and Operations Excavations Lifting operations Mechanical materials handling Temporary works Management of Equipment, Plant, Materials and Services Compressed air tools Electricity supply system Electrical works Portable tools Two main hurdles for the implementation of safety plan I think the money and labour safety awareness are two main hurdles. Since the money is the main domino of the whole project. Provide the safety training to the worker will spend extra time in the whole construction project. Some clients will argue that why dont we spend the time to work to speed up the whole project. Also, we need to use some human resource to supervise the construction process. Since the main purpose of the construction company is making profits. Even the project manager knows that the higher quality and standard of the personal protective equipment will be more safety. However, it will pay more money and increase the total construction cost. From the above reason, the project manager will do the minimize things of the statutory requirement; they will not do the best about the safety, so that they can have maximum return in the construction project. The other hurdle for the implementation of safety is the safety awareness of the worker. The labour will think that the personal protective equipment is very inconvenient for work. For example, they think that wear safety rope work in height will disturb their working. It is because the safety rope will limit the working area. And if they only work for few minutes at height, they will not wear them due to require extra work. Also, the worker cannot correctly use the PPE, so they cannot function properly. http://www.ab.ust.hk/hseo/esst/Const-notes2001.PDF http://www.polb.com/civica/filebank/blobdload.asp?BlobID=2527 http://www.safetypartnering.com/smd/pdf/pfss.pdf http://www.qbuild.qld.gov.au/00_downloads/whs_construc-safe-plan_all.pdf Quality plan The main elements of the quality are the following things: Management responsibility We need to define different quality duty of different position of Executive Committee, Project Manager, Construction Quality Assurance Manager, Design Quality Assurance Manager, Sampling and Testing Personnel, Staff Inspectors, Testing Technician, Geotechnical Engineer Pile Driving Analyst, QA Surveyor and Construction Manager. For example the duty of the Project Manager is responsible for organization and maintenance of a document control system for all quality data, coordinate quality check point in quality control programme reviews, and ensure reviews coordinated with outside entities. Objective of the quality plan Consistency meets the standard and requirement of the client To deliver the project on time with agree quality and prize To maintain and continually improve the quality of management systems To maintain and continually improve the quality of whole project Establish the quality policy To achieve the highest standard and quality of the project, it should be provided highly professional construction team. Establish the long term relationship between supplier and sub-contractor Follow the standard of ISO9001_2008. The construction work must under the supervision and inspection by authorize people. Provide training to the worker who is the first time come on the site. When any problems arise, the solving method should not be downgraded the target quality. Communicate the expectations of this Policy to all employees and stakeholders. Fulfill the client requirement Treating all our employees with respect, equality and fairness Resource management For human resource, we need to provide training to teach them how to properly use the equipments. Also demonstrate the require standard for them to reach the require quality. For material purchase and selection, we need to choose a properly material with suitable budget. Since the prize will directly affect the quality, so the budget arrangement is very important. Well-known and reputation supplier company should be selected to ensure the material quality. Inspection testing and quality audit We should establish the acceptable standard to the worker like accepted level of defection. After the standard is published, we need to provide suitable testing to ensure that they can reach the require standard. Then, it will be recorded for future improvement. An internal quality audit system will introduce in this project and it will be implemented during each phase of the project. Document control Establish the recording system and process to control Project Documents at each Project Phase. Ensure that the latest information is provided to the all staff and workers, so they shall use the update information to process the construction work. Two main hurdles for the implementation of quality plan http://www.wsdot.wa.gov/NR/rdonlyres/27A54B86-9825-4E81-9DEE-138823B4ED86/56842/QMPOutline050409.pdf http://www.suzlon.com/pdf/SEA_Quality_Policy.pdf The Purpose of a Project Quality Plan https://stdmail.cityu.edu.hk/attach/BSI%20BS%20EN%20ISO9001_2008.pdf Task 2 Social obligations and professional responsibilities of legal and ethical issues According to the Hong Kong Institute of Construction Management, the project manager shall: in fulfilling their professional responsibilities and the duties which they undertake, have full regard to the public interest. demonstrate a level of competence consistent with their professional. ensure, when undertaking any other construction related activity, that all such work is in accordance with good practice and current standards and complies with all statutory and contractual requirements; at no time improperly offer or accept gifts or favors which would be affect the client to obtain preferential treatment; keep them informed of current thinking and developments appropriate to the type and level of their responsibility. They should be able to provide evidence that they have undertaken sufficient study and personal development to fulfill their professional obligations in accordance with the current guidelines not offer or provide whether to a prospective Client or a third party any gift or favor whether in money or otherwise designed to secure instructions for work not undertake work for which they knowingly lack sufficient professional or technical competence, or the adequate resources to meet their obligation Social obligations and professional responsibilities of client protection The project manager shall: not divulge to any person, firm or company any information of a confidential nature relating to the business activities or processes of their Employer or Client acquired during the course of their work; not, without the permission of their Employer or Client, render any services, with or without remuneration, which conflicts with the interests of their Employer or Client; ensure, when providing an advisory service, that the advice given is fair and unbiased; if undertaking any other construction related activity be required to maintain insurances and indemnify their Client against the risks for which insurance is commonly effected arising out of the works in respect of workmen, third parties and adjoining properties; when acting for a Client or when in contemplation of acting for a prospective Client whose interests conflict or may conflict with his own, or those of any of his associates to disclose the relevant facts forthwith to the Client or prospective Client and to the associate and where such disclosure is oral to confirm the same in writing at the earliest opportunity and inform the Client that he shall be unable to act or continue to act unless the Client requests him to do so; keep in one or more bank accounts separate from his own, his firms or his companys bank account (as the case may be) any Clients money held by or entrusted to him, his firm or his company in any capacity other than that of beneficial owner; account at the due time for all moneys held, paid or received on behalf of or from any person (whether a Client or not) entitled to such account and whether or not after the taking of such account any payment is due to such person.

The Hindu Temples Architecture And Style Theology Religion Essay

The Hindu Temples Architecture And Style Theology Religion Essay The temples in India have always taken an important place in their cultural and spiritual life of its people, from the early times and till nowadays. In fact the whole cultural and spiritual life of Indian people is built around the temple. The overall purpose of the Hindu temple can be presented in such a way: like the Himalayas, the temple points to the heavens, the abode of the gods. The Hindu temple, step by step, shape-by-shape reverses this primeval descent and places man back on the path toward heaven. Temples were usually built in places marked by special holiness.  The legends associated them with the acts of Vishnu, Shiva, Durga and other gods.  In the 4-5 centuries, when Hinduism during the reign of Gupta dynasty, became the state religion, the main structural elements of the temples were plinth, sanctuary and superstructure.  The stone base of a Hindu temple symbolized the altar, on which the temple itself was sacrificed to a deity.  With the modular characteristics of the proportions of the temple measure cap not taken into account.  The temple was conceived as a structural unit, resting on the altar.   In some early temples the wall of the sanctuary served as main walls of the building, in others the sanctuary was surrounded by a second ring of walls, which created a special gallery to circumvent.  In any case, the churches were dark inside.   Module for Hindu temples and their center was a sculpture of a deity his idol.  Temple priests were called guardians of the idol and the servants of God, whose dwelling was in the temple. Modern scientific analysis of a temple shows that temple-space is surcharged with great positive energy and the visitors can feel physical welfare and mental well-being. This fact rises a lot of questions: how could a structure built of stone or of brick have that kind of energy? What makes the temple so powerful? There is a scientific view that a temple is not a home of God but it is the form of God that means that the temple structure itself is worthy of worship . (Michell , p. 68.) The temple architecture is a scientific phenomenon. The basic concept that determines worthiness of the structure and form of temple is The layout adopted for temple form is synonymous with the layout of the Cosmos. The plan of the layout of a temple is technically called Mandala or Vaastu Pada with a grid of 8x 8 =64 spaces or 9x 9 = 81 spaces of equal dimensions. In modern architectural terminology this can be addressed as energy-grid. Those two layouts are the geometrical formulae to replicate the subtle substance of the universe into visual material form. (Volwahsen, p 44) The important aspect of Hindu temple is that it serves as a cosmic intersection of man, God, and the Universe. But it also is the Universe, reflected in its repeating architectural forms. The careful mathematical measurements that lie in the basic construction of a Hindu temple express the structure of the Universe. For example, in order for the temple to face east, its width must be a perfect multiple of the fraction three-eighths. The outer dimensions of the temple must also satisfy five other equations relating to stars, planets and the passage of time. (Kramrisch, p.132) Another important analogy is between the temple and the mountain that can help to understand the divine purpose of the temple-to serve as a meeting place between man and the gods. It means that the gods could descend to be in the presence of man, like human souls rising up to meet the gods. (Rao, p. 126) The piece of land upon which the temple stands is itself a sacred location a tirtha, a Sanskrit word literally meaning crossing place is a site favored by the gods where water, shade and seclusion are plentiful. Temples must be built on tirthas in order to serve their true purpose as crossing places, and this site selection is only the first step in building a temple. Another important aspect is the vastu-purusa-mandala , that is a rough architectural blueprint for the foundation of the temple, that serves both a practical and a highly symbolic purpose, becoming the architectural and spiritual foundation of the Hindu temple. (Rao, p. 135.) As suggested earlier, the temple is also a microcosm of the Universe, the mandala reflects this aspect of the temple as well: the center square of the mandala stands for the mythical mountain of Meru, the geographic center of the cosmos. Around Mount Meru is arranged a symbolic pantheon of gods, and each god occupies its own square and is ranked in importance by its proximity to the center. (Rao, p. 135.) The next part of this essay analyzes separate elements of the temple, both interior and exterior, and places these elements within the context of the temples divine purpose: to serve as a cosmic meeting place for devotee and deity. The garbhagrha, the sanctum sanctorum of the Hindu temple, presents itself as a point of departure: if the temple is a mountain, the garbhagrha is the cave inside the mountain. The garbhagrha is dark, and its walls are largely undecorated, that contrasts the exterior of the temple, which is often highly ornate and replete with thousands of sculpted images. The simple darkness of the sanctum reflects its function as a womb house, one of the meanings of garbhagrha. (Kramrisch, p. 169) Analysis of Hindu temples in Nagara and Dravida styles The two temples described here, one at Khajuraho (Madhya Pradesh), the other at Angkor Wat, give the best possible idea of how the contrasting Nagara and Dravida styles had developed by the 11 century and present aesthetic achievements of the Hindu architectural tradition. Style Nagara, which developed during the 5h century, is characterized by a tower-type hive (called shikhara) made up of several words of architectural elements, such as kapotas and gavaksas, culminating in a large round cushion like element, named amalaka, and  parlance Drum.  The plan of the temple is based on the square, but the walls are often broken down decorative elements in creating the impression that the tower is round.  In more recent temples the central mandapa was surrounded by several small temple buildings, creating a visual effect of a fountain. From the 7th century Dravida , or southern style, has formed a pyramidal tower consisting of progressively diminishing tiers, bottleneck, and the dome on top, also called shikhara (in the southern terminology).  Repeated horizontal tiers visually impart the southern temples squat. Less obvious differences between the two main temple types Nagara and Dravida include the plan area, the selection and arrangement of stone, from which the cut shapes on the external walls and the interior, the range of decorative elements. In spite of their obvious stylistic differences, the temples at Khajuraho and Angkor Wat have basic principles connected with Hindu beliefs and practices. Kandariya Mahadeva temple, Khajuraho This temple was built in the middle of the 11th century by one of the kings of the Chandella dynasty, this great Shiva temple represents the Nagara style ad is one of the best achievements. Kandariya Mahadeva temple is the tallest monument at Khajuraho, its spire rising more than 30.5 metres above the plinth on which the temple is elevated. The temple has 30.5 metres in length and 20 metres in width. Like other fully developed Chandella temples at Khajuraho, it consists of a linear east-west sequence of access steps, entrance porch, columned hall with side balconies, and linga shrine with encircling passageway, off which open three additional balconies, that bring porches. The porches serve as balconies with high seating, bringing ventilation and light to the interior. What distinguishes the Kandariya Mahadeva temple from the other monuments a Khajuraho is its grand scale and elaboration of design and ornamentation. Undoubtedly, the glory of the temple is its lofty curving tower, crowned by an amalaka ( ribbed circular motif). Very significant in the temple is the sculptural treatment of its outer walls, which are covered with images of the god Shiva, to whom the monument is dedicated, with consorts, attendants and lesser divinities. Important among the images here are the aspect of the god, including those who subdues the blind demon, the cosmic dancer, and the destroyer of the triple demon cities. The sculptures are arranged in three tiers on the outside, amounting to no less than 646 figures in all, not counting the 226 figures of the interior. The temple is well known for its erotic groups which are placed on the juncture of the walls of the mandapa and the passageway surrounding the sanctuary, marking one of the most ritually vulnerable parts of the monument. Among the other images are those of female deities, such as the seven mothers, let alone the countless apsaras, or heavenly maidens that attend on the gods, and who are shown in alluring postures that reveal the mastery of the Khajuraho artists in rendering female contours with conscious sophistication and exuberant grace. Angkor Wat in Cambodia, is the second Hindu temple described in the paper, that refers to the Dravida style. This temple was dedicated to the Hindu god Vishnu, the preserver of the world. Angkor Wat is a gigantic threeà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ step pyramid adorned by nine slender towers of enormous height, the steps of the pyramid are capped by galleries. Framed by an enclosure wall and a majestic moat, the temple covers 2.5 square kilometres. The pyramid is raised on a vast terrace of 2 m high, and surrounded by naga balustrades. It opens to the cardinal points by entrance pavilions and stairways. The steps are crowned by surrounding galleries: the first step, containing the gallery of the basreliefs, is 203 m large and 3 m high. Pavilions mark the corners, at the corners of the second tier are four towers, their superstructure is partly missing. The outer gallery of the pyramid, including the western corner pavilions, shelters the most precious treasures of Angkor Wat, reliefs in a total length of more than 600 m. They depict narrative scenes from mythology and history. Reliefs do not simply embellish a temple; they make it a sacred space. In the images which depict the gods and their deeds, the gods themselves are present, and figures and parts of the body are either shown frontally or in profile. Reliefs were always carved in situ, after the walls had been finished; they were cut into the stone. It is important to mention twelve stairways rise to the third level of the pyramid. All five towers open to the cardinal directions, giving open views along the galleries, and the overall picture was a wide and airy hall, full of light. The third level, where are the finest reliefs of Devata, was the throne room of God Vishnu. As for the symbolism of the temple, Angkor Wat is an unsurpassed image of the Mount Meru, the abode of the Gods in the centre of the world. Corresponding to the five peaks of this mountain, at Angkor Wat five towers were visible from every cardinal direction. The enclosure wall symbolizes the mountains surrounding and hiding the Mount Meru; the moat symbolizes the cosmic ocean. The temple complex is a microcosm, an image of a perfect world, stable and in geometrical harmony. We can see that Angkor Wat, as well as Kandariya Mahadeva temple, as all Hindu temples serves as a cosmic intersection of man, God, and the Universe, and also the Universe is reflected in its repeating architectural forms.

Computer Languages :: essays research papers

Computer Languages   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Differences in computer languages is a topic that many people are not familiar with. I was one of those kinds of people before I started researching on this topic. There many different computer languages and each one of them are similar in some ways, but are also different in other ways, such as: program syntax, the format of the language, and the limitations of the language.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Most computer programmers start programming in languages such as turbo pascal or one of the various types of basic. Turbo pascal, Basic, and Fortran are some of the oldest computer languages. Many of today's modern languages have been a result of one of these three languages, but are greatly improved. Both turbo pascal and basic are languages that are easy to understand and the syntax is very easy and straightforward. In Basic when printing to the screen you simply type the word 'print', in turbo pascal you would type 'writeln'. These are very simple commands that the computer executes. To execute a line of code in a language such as C, or C++, you would have to type in much more sophisticated lines of code that are much more confusing than the previous two.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The format and layout of the various languages are very diverse between some, and between others are somewhat similar. When programming in Basic the user has to type in line numbers before each new line of code. In an updated version of Basic called QBasic, numbers are optional. Turbo pascal does not allow the user to input numbers, it has preset commands that seperate each part of the program. This is similar to QBasic, but is much more sophisticated. Instead of using the command gosub in Basic, the user would make a procedure call.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Another new language is C. C is a spinoff of turbo pascal but is capable of doing more things than turbo. The format and layout are similar, but the syntax is much more complex than turbo is. When C first came out, there were many major flaws in the language so a new version had to be put out, C++. The main addition from C to C++ is the concept of classes and templates. Many other small flaws were fixed when this new version of C came out also.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Many of the languages have different limitations on the tasks that they

Nine Stages of Divine Vision :: essays research papers

Nine Stages of Divine Vision   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Nine stages of life are formed by nine crises that shape our awareness and the way we envision and experience the divine in both our cultural and isolated lives. Out vision of the divine is determined by the unique forms and forces in each stage of our lives. The first stage is the unborn stage of the womb. The first part of the first stage is the unborn womb. Since the womb is almost perfect for our prenatal needs, there is an incomparable experience of Kinesthetic euphoria which is the ideal condition for the realization of bliss. The womb provides for the need before it even suffers the need. The bliss is the idea that self-sufficient awareness that precedes desire and satisfaction, and still haunts after birth has broken the primal serenity.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The second part of the first stage is the Lakshm and Vishnu within the comic serpent. The unborn bliss is the first taste of paradise, which we all seek to recover. Each succeeding stage builds upon this infinite awareness adding its own images and forms to its evolving biological, social and psychological experience. Buddha and Jesus both include this idea in their teachings.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The next stage is the baby stage of the divine mother. The first part of this stage is the Venus of Laussel. There are many images of her floating around that she is over 20,000 years old. She ruled over human awareness. Her predecessors thought it was simple: just as the human mother creates human life, so the Great Mother of the creation creates all life: plants and animals. By her breasts she nourishes her whole creation. She is the universe. The sun and moon are her eyes. The Milky Way are her breasts. And the earth is her body. Maybe she is still with us when we speak of Mother Nature. Mother Goddess is the first personification of the divine in human form.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The second part of the second stage is the Madonna of Mercy. This Divine Goddess can resolve our problems and be with us all the time. She can also satisfy our deepest needs and open us to the heavenly gate of eternal and immortal life.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The youth stage of the divine father is the next stage. He is the supreme deity of the Romans, named Jupiter. When man seizes the divine power for himself and expels the women from the dignity they hold for millennia as the divine mother.

Trinidad and Tobago and Monthly Production Target

Exercise: Chapter 1 Assignment 1 Application 14 Refer to figure 1. 4 on page 12 of your text. Use this figure to rate each of the following scenarios. Record beside each scenario your choice (a, b, c, d) and explain fully your choice. High in effectiveness and high in efficiency high in effectiveness and low in efficiency low in effectiveness and high in efficiency low in effectiveness and low in efficiencyScenario #1 : The Production Manager of Mom's Cookies had a monthly production target of 100,000 bags of cookies. His target for quality inspectors is to have the reject rate less than 2% of production. Both these targets were met for August. Labor costs are up 5% because overtime had to be incurred to complete some orders,Both goals were met but unfortunately labor costs went up. Scenario #2: The reject rate for Mom's Cookies was 8% this month. The normal target is less than 2%.The problem was traced too poorly maintained oven which burnt a number of batches before the problem was rectified. Addition costs were incurred to fix the equipment problem as well as extra costs associated with the Ingredients to make the replacement batches. The company however did make their monthly target of 100,000 bags of cookies. B,The company wasted resources but however they did reach their monthly goals which was 100,000 bag of cookies. Scenario #3: The month end reports for Mom's Cookies have Just been received by the ProductionManager. They show that during the month of September, the company product 101 ,050 bags of cookies. The reject rate was 1%. Labor and raw materials were within budgeted levels. No breakdown of equipment occurred. A,Goals were achieved no breakdown of the equipment,no wasted resources and high productivity. Scenario #4: to be hired. There was not enough time to train these people and projection levels suffered. Only 95,080 bags of cookies were produced this month. The reject rate was 1. 9%.Labor and raw materials were within budgeted levels. C,There was no wasted products but goals were not achieved. Scenario #5: Mom's cookies imports their chocolate chips from Trinidad and Tobago. Unfortunately their dollar has increased in value against the Canadian dollar which has driven up chocolate costs by 10%. In addition, gas prices have gone up and the company uses gas ovens and gas heating. This has added another 5% to the company's expenses. The reject rate was 1. 8% and the company produced 100,200 bags of cookies.

Hofstede Comparison of Germany and China Essay

Hofstede’s five dimensions are a useful tool to give someone an insight of different cultures. These elements give a country’s behaviour tendencies rather than an exact prescription. There are weaknesses to Hofstede’s Five Dimension theory as it may too easily encourage stereotyping. Even in countries as small as the UK, not all citizens are alike – e.g. it is argued that the culture in the North of England is quite different to the South. Hofstede has also been criticized for being too simplistic; however Hofstede’s theory does give us a general base to work from. 74 countries are listed on Hofstede’s website from which information can be drawn to make comparisons not only between countries but against the world average to give a broader picture. The following graph gives a comparison between Germany and China. It also allows for assessment against the Asian average and World average and our own British culture as benchmarks. Hofstede Comparison: UK, Germany, China Asian Average and World Average Comparison of Germany and China Power Distance Index          Germany 35 LOW             China 80 HIGH Individualism                               Germany 67 HIGH            China 66 LOW Masculinity                                     Germany 66 HIGH            China 66 HIGH Uncertainty Avoidance       Germany 65 HIGH            China 30 LOW Long Term Orientation      Germany 31LOW                  China 118 HIGH Power Distance Index – PDI Power Distance measures equality of power in society and how much people are willing to allow or give in to superiority. Countries with high scores tend to operate with power being given to the top few, with little room for lower rank intervention. Low scoring countries either spread power through delegation or encourage input from more levels of society. Germany 35         China 80         World Average 55 LOW POWER DISTANCE CULTURES HIGH POWER DISTANCE CULTURES Democratic management Autocratic management Management and subordinates treat one another as equals. Mutual respect is given. Managers expect subordinates to obey them. Subordinates automatic respect with expecting it to be earned. Power is de-centralised Power is centralised Subordinates expect to offer their ideas and take initiative Managers take the initiative and subordinates obey given instructions. Subordinates expect to be consulted Subordinates expect to be told what to do. Status is disapproved Status and privileges for managers is expected and respected Social interactions are informal Social interactions are formal Narrow range of salaries Wider range of salaries Despite a large difference in PDI scores, Germany and China share some similarities with how workers accept authority and power. The above table shows typical examples of low power distance cultures however, Germany does not necessarily follow these traits despite having a low PDI score. Germans like order and regulations and in a both business and society people tend to know what is allowed and what is forbidden. Power Distance is a low 35 in Germany. It is the same as in the UK yet significantly below the World average of 55. This score suggests German society, work and families treat people with equality, encouraging collaboration and a fair cultural environment. German managers and employees are often close, (reflected in the medium to low power distance (PD) in German culture) because they believe that they are working together to create a good product. Germany has  a democratic political system and is de-centralised. Business organisations tend to have flat structures with relatively small numbers of supervisors, however it also is known to be departmentalised and centralised (Dereksy, 2011). In business, Germans are known to be assertive, though not aggressive. Decisions are centralised although on occasion consensus is sometimes sought if the situation warrants it. Employees do not question the authority of their managers and are very loyal to their companies. Before most business deals are done, there has been considerable detailed analysis before commitment. Once a project or deal is committed to, staff have high trust in the order and China has a high ranking of 80 than both Germany and the World Average which means that the power distance remains high in business and in society in general. This means that people are less willing to challenge authority which is likely due to old communism beliefs which still have a strong influence on people’s behaviour. China continues to receive cri ticism for not taking human rights seriously. When doing business in China one must be aware of this large hierarchy gap. It is often hard to move up on their corporate ladder compared to other cultures. PDI Suggestions for manager coming from Germany to China In China, greetings are always done in age order, so ensure the eldest in the room is greeted first. Status is very important in China so do not call someone by their Christian name until they invite you to do so. Instead, always address them by using their full title, eg Dr or Professor. Ensure your business cards have your full qualifications on. If any large announcements to general staff are needed, request a senior member of management do it. Do not expect senior management to accept your ideas. Whilst they most likely will have no intention of accepting any ideas you may offer, they may politely say they will consider them to save â€Å"face†. â€Å"Let us think about it† is the Chinese way of saying â€Å"no† Use power to exercise authority Tell subordinates what to do – do not expect them to work it out themselves. Individualism Individualism refers to how independent people are. Countries with high scores indicate people are self- motivated, more self-reliant and self-concerned whereas countries with lower scores suggest citizens conform to society’s norms and consider group needs as more important than their own. Germany 67China 20World Average 43 Germany scored 67 points on individualism, the tendency of people to look after themselves and their immediate family only. That score is 56% higher than the world average score for individualism. Therefore, Germany has a highly individualistic society. In such cultures individuality, independence, and self-determination are valued. Trompenaar agrees that Germans place high priority on looking after themselves and their immediate family. At work, however, Germans jointly assume responsibilities and achieve goals in groups. Negotiating decisions is often referred to committees. Hofstede found that wealthier countries tended to have higher scores in Individualism (Hodgetts et al, 2006) however, given that China is now the second largest economy in the World and their IND score is only 20 Hofstede’s theory can be disputed. The Chinese rank lower than any other Asian country in the Individualism (IDV) ranking, at 20 compared to an average of 25. This may be attributed, in part, to the high level of emphasis on a Collectivist society by the Communist rule, as compared to one of Individualism. Confucianism also plays a large part as Chinese place value on long term satisfaction than short-term greed. Harmony is achieved by giving â€Å"face† to others and avoiding losing your own â€Å"face.† In collectivist cultures such as China, people work together in groups and often put the needs of that group ahead of their own personal wants. They embrace shared responsibility. Chinese business habits tend to stay with the same partners or suppliers to keep loyalty and not deteriorate relationships. So when doing business with others it is a good idea to select a good strong partnership that has potential to last a long time. It is looked down upon if you frequently change business partners. IDV Suggestions for manager coming from Germany to China Focus on how change is good for the group (appeal to the common interest). Allow the group to formulate and ask questions. Allow the group to consult with each other and spend time working out their responses, questions, and concerns Aim to build lasting relationships Try working through an individual or an organization who introduces you formally–Chinese like to work with people they know Avoid asking pointed questions Do not expect decisions made at meetings as meetings are merely forums for exchange of information Allow time in meetings for team members to consent and consult Standing out from the crowd can be viewed as very negative and result in personal difficulties, therefore try to blend in with the group and put their needs first. Masculinity Masculinity looks at how people react to one another. Countries with high masculine scores tend to have a society which respects stereotypical male behaviour: hedonistic, materialistic, dominant, aggressive and competitive, viewing feminine behaviour as weak. Countries with low masculinity scores tend to have strong welfare support and more equality between the sexes. Germany   66          China 66         World Average 50 Germany scored 66 points on masculinity, a cultural characteristic in which success, money and material possessions form the dominant values in society. That score is 32% higher than the world average score for masculinity yet equal to that of the UK and China. According to Hofstede’s model, Germans place greater importance on earnings, recognition, advancement and challenge. Germany is a male-dominated society; few married women work outside the home However, this is slowly changing in the younger generations of Germany. Women are becoming more accepted in higher positions. Officially, women in China have the same rights as men in the workplace and the party has promoted this sense of equality over the past thirty years or so. However, traditional Confucian thinking does not sit easily with this notion of gender equality and it is somewhat ironic that the liberalisation policies of the last decade might have reversed many of the advances made by women in Chinese society under the previous hard-line regimes. In China, the strong preference of boys is due to the traditional values. Men hold most of the responsibility and power positions although there is a high level of  consensus between genders in China. However, the responsibility for finding childcare still tends to fall with women which may be a contributor to the low numbers of women in senior management positions. The value placed on work is similar in Germany and China, according to Hofstede, yet both countries have few women in senior management. MAS Suggestions for manager coming from Germany to China Foreign businesswomen will be treated with great respect and courtesy. They may find that, within a delegation, the Chinese defer to male colleagues regardless of the actual seniority of the western party – the Chinese assumption being that the male will naturally be the decision-maker. Therefore a German woman manager must anticipate this and not be offended by this reaction so she â€Å"saves face† Gradually over time, this apparent sexism will fade if she takes the time and gentle grace to build relationships slowly. Uncertainty Avoidance Index Uncertainty avoidance, as the name suggests, focuses on how and by whom risk is managed. Countries with low levels of uncertainty indicate strong governmental control to maintain as much stability and order as possible for risk elimination. Countries with lower scores tend to allow individuals to manage their own risks, which provide environments with more innovation. Germany 65       China 30       World average 64 Germany scored 65 points on Hofstede’s uncertainty avoidance index. That score is only 1% above the world average score for uncertainty avoidance. Thanks to their need for security, Germans insist on written rules and detailed codes of conduct. Germans are not keen on uncertainty, by planning everything carefully they try to avoid the uncertainty. In Germany there is a society that relies on rules, laws and regulations. Germany wants to reduce its risks to the minimum and proceed with changes step by step. China presents a high degree of acceptance of uncertainty, which is a characteristic of a society that does not try to take control of the future, and that is not afraid of unforeseen situations. Contrary to Germany, Chinese society does not feel such an urge to establish strict rules to  overcome uncertainty or ambiguity. It is also characteristic of a society that is more tolerant towards opinions, behaviours that are different from its own, and changes. And it is a more meditative society which does not feel the need of controlling its environment. UAI Suggestions for manager coming from Germany to China Present a bottom line and an objective, then build your case around questions Expect frequent rescheduling of meetings. It is a good idea to set up appointments a few weeks in advance and reconfirm 1-2 days before the scheduled meeting Long-term Orientation Long-term Orientation concerns how cultures view time and perseverance, whether business and relationships are nurtured over a period of time or if more emphasis is placed on short-term reward. Long-Term Orientation is the fifth dimension of Hofstede which was added after the original four to try to distinguish the difference in thinking between the East and West. From the original IBM studies, this difference was something that could not be deduced. Therefore, Hofstede created a Chinese value survey which was distributed across 23 countries Germany 31       China 118      World Average 45 . Short-term Orientation Long-term Orientation Immediate gratification required Deferred gratification Traditions are sacred and upheld Traditions adapt to change Consumption values are taught Frugality and perseverance is taught Spend Save or invest Quick profits Building a lasting business income Analytical thinking Synthetic thinking Germany is typical of Westernised cultures with regards to having short-term orientation. Germany is renowned for its appreciation of efficiency. People from cultures where managers are expected to develop a closer, more intimate ambience can see the German manager-subordinate relationship as distant and cold. Germans put truth and directness before diplomacy, believing that the fact is the important issue and that personal emotions should not deflect the truth from being spoken. This directness can be interpreted by certain cultures such as China, as rude. China slow and steady wins the race for business deals. Building strong, reliable, lasting relationships is key for the Chinese. A certain amount of trust must be gained before any decision is met. It may take three to four times the length of time to finish the business deal compared to your cultural standards. So if you do not come to a fast agreement, don’t be discouraged, make the client feel comfortable and show your p atience. The Chinese never like to rush into things. Geert Hofstede analysis for China has Long-term Orientation (LTO) the highest-ranking factor of all countries. China has such a high LTO score, it is even 30% higher than the Asian average score which is already nearly twice the World average. This shows how much emphasis China places on this dimension, indicating a society’s time perspective and an attitude of persevering; that is, overcoming obstacles with time, if not with will and strength. This means that perseverance and economy are the basic values in China, these values being taught by Confucianism, which is widely established in China. Also, Chinese culture is neutral, contrary to the French culture which is affective. Which means that in China feelings are not readily expressed and physical contact avoided, while in France like in all other Mediterranean cultures the behaviour is expressive and gestured, and people like to express their feelings and physical contact. Chines e culture is marked by respect and loyalty, which makes them reliable partners. They favour the interest of the group and in particular are extremely perseverant and formidable business people. LTO Suggestions for manager coming from Germany to China This is arguably the area requiring the most attention from a German manager. Meetings are about building relationships and exchanging information – it is rare for a decision to be made within the meeting. Therefore a German manager must not show impatience. Use less direct language Hold back on the truth, to help others save â€Å"face† Build relationships slowly. Try â€Å"gift giving†, as a thank you is often not considered enough, and at worst rude. Allow the group to consult with each other and spend time working out their responses, questions, and concerns Bing., J.,W., 2011. Hofstede’s consequences: The impact of his work on consulting and business practices, An Executive Summary. ITAP International Inc . Available from: http://www.itapintl.com/facultyandresources/articlelibrarymain/hofstedes-consequences-the-impact-of-his-work-on-consulting-and-business-practices.html [Accessed 17 March 2011]. Burke, R., J., Cultural Values and Women’s Work and Career Experiences. Deresky, H., 2011. International Management Managing Across Borders and Cultures. 7th ed. New Jersey: Prentice Hall Hodgetts, R., M., and Luthans, F., and Doh, J. P., 2006. International Management. 6th ed. New York: McGraw-Hill WorldBusinessCulture.com, 2011. For both China and Germanyhttp://www.worldbusinessculture.com/Women-in-Business-in-China.html